Particle Model of Matter Flashcards
What is the radius of an atom?
0.1 nm or 1 x 10⁻¹⁰ m
Outline the timeline of what we knew of the atom.
John Dalton - “solid spheres”, different types of spheres make up different elements
J J Thompson - “plum pudding”. A ball of positive charge with negative electrons inside of it.
Ernest Rutherford - “nuclear model”, a nucleus containing positive charge, with the negative charge surrounding it
Niels Bohr - “orbit” of electrons within shells
James Chadwick - discovered the neutron within the nucleus
What is internal energy?
The total energy stored in a system by the particles
This includes
- the kinetic energy of the particles
- the potential energy of the particles (because it contains the energy from the intermolecular forces and chemical bonds)
Wnat is potential energy?
The intermolecular forces and chemical bonds in a substance
solid to gas?
sublimation
gas to solid?
desublimation/deposition
What’s the difference between boiling and evaporation?
boiling:
- can occur throuought the liquid
- does not lead to cooling
- occurs faster
- does produce bubbles
evaporation:
- only on the surface of a substance
- leads to cooling
- happens slowly
- doesn’t produce bubbles
What is specific heat capacity?
The amount of energy required to heat 1kg of a substance by 1 degrees celcius.
(measured in J/kg) - BE CAREFUL W/ YOUR UNITS!!!!!
Recite the formula for change in thermal energy.
Change in thermal energy = mass x specific heat capacity x change in temperature
What is specific latent heat?
The amount of energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance with no change in temperature.
What is the difference between fusion and vaporisation?
fusion - solid to liquid or liquid to solid
vapourisation - gas to liquid or liquid to gas
Recite the equation for the energy required for change in state
Energy = mass x specific latent heat of vapourisation or fusion
What is the relationship between pressure and volume? Recite an equation for this.
Pressure is inversely proportional to volume.
pV = constant (assuming the temperature is kept the same)
e.g, If the volume increaces by 3x, the pressure will decreace by 3x.
