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A&P General > Heat and Liquids > Flashcards

Heat and Liquids Flashcards

1
Q

Heat

A

A form of energy that expresses itself in the movement of molecules

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2
Q

Temperature

A

The average speed of molecules in a body

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3
Q

Temperature Scales

A

Fahrenheit
Celsius
Kelvin (Fahrenheit absolute scale)
Rankin (Celsius absolute scale)

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4
Q

Absolute Zero

A

The point where all molecular motion stops

0 degrees on both the Kelvin and Rankin scales

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5
Q

Temperature Conversions

A

(9/5 C) + 32 = F
5/9 (F - 32) = C
F + 460 = R
R - 460 = F
C + 273 = K
K - 273 = C

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6
Q

Heat Energy Measurement

A

Heat Energy is measured in British Thermal Unit (BTU) or Calories

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7
Q

1 BTU

A

Raise 1 pound of water 1 F

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8
Q

1 Calorie

A

Raise 1 gram of water 1 C

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9
Q

1 BTU Equals

A

778 ft. lbs of work

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10
Q

Specific Heat

A

Number of BTUs needed to raise 1 pound of a substance 1 F

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11
Q

Sensible Heat

A

Number of BTUs needed to raise the temperature of an object 1 F

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12
Q

Latent Heat

A

Number of BTUs required to cause a substance to change its state without causing a change in its temperature

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13
Q

Conduction

A

Heat transfer between objects in physical contact

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14
Q

Convection

A

Heat transfer by means of working fluids (gases or liquids)

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15
Q

Radiation

A

Heat transfer by means of electromagnetic waves

Works in a vacuum and occurs at the speed of light

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16
Q

Gases Behavior

A

Takes shape of its container

Expands uniformly to completely fill its container

Is easily compressible

17
Q

Pressure Measurement Units

A

Pounds per square inch absolute - PSIA

Pounds per square inch gauge - PSIG

18
Q

Relationship Between Absolute and Gauge

A

PSIG + 14.7 = PSIA
PSIA - 14.7 = PSIG

19
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

Volume is inversely proportional to absolute pressure when temperature is held constant

P1 x V1 = P2 x V2

20
Q

Charles’ Law

A

Volume is directly proportional to absolute temperature when pressure is held constant

V1 / T1 = V2 / T2

21
Q

Guy-Lussac’s Law

A

The pressure of a confined gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature when the volume is held constant

P1 / T1 = P2 / T2

22
Q

General Gas Law

A

A combination of the three gas laws can be used to replace any gas law equation, and take out constants if any. (WARNING: Both temperature and pressure must be in an absolute values before performing gas law calculations

(Pressure 1 x Volume 1) / Temperature 1 =
(Pressure 2 x Volume 2) / Temperature 2

23
Q

Liquids Behavior

A

Takes the shape of its container, has a defined volume, is incompressible

24
Q

The pressure of the fluid in a container depends on…

A

The height of the column (hydraulic head), and the density of the fluid

25
Q

Buoyancy

A

The upward force exerted by a liquid on a body immersed or submerged in it

26
Q

Archimedes Principle

A

The buoyant force which a fluid exerts upon a submerged body is equal to the weight of the fluid the body displaces

27
Q

Displacement of a Floating Object

A

It will displace its own weight in fluid

28
Q

Hydraulics

A

The branch of science that deals with the transmission of forces by incompressible fluids under pressure

29
Q

Hydraulic Formulas

A

Force = Area x Pressure

A = Area of a working piston (input or output)
P = System Pressure
F = input (applied) or output (created)

30
Q

Hydraulics Theory

A

Force applied to an input piston produces a system pressure which is inversely proportional to the input piston area

System pressure applied to an output piston produces a force directly proportional to the piston area and system pressure

31
Q

Mechanical Advantage

A

MA = A (out) / A (in) = F (out) / F (in)

Distance advantage is inverse of mechanical advantage

32
Q

Displacement of a Submerged Object

A

It will displace its own volume in fluid

33
Q

Buoyancy Equation

A

Buoyancy Force = Volume of the Object x Density of the Fluid Displaced

A&P General (18 decks)

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