ACTIVITY 1

Question 1

blockade of neuronal T-type Ca2+ channel

Answer 1

valproic acid

Question 2

GABAA receptor–chloride ion channel macromolecular complex (opening of Cl channel) Increase duration

Answer 2

clonazepam and benzodiazepines

Question 3

GABAA receptor–chloride ion channel macromolecular complex (opening of Cl channel) Increase frequency

Answer 3

phenobarbital and barbiturates

Question 4

(TCA) = inhibits re-uptake of NE and 5-HT

Answer 4

Clomipramine

Question 5

(heterocyclics) = inhibits re-uptake of NE and 5-HT

Answer 5

Duloxetine

Question 6

(heterocyclics) = α2-receptor antagonism

Answer 6

Mirtazapine

Question 7

(SSRI) = inhibits re-uptake of 5-HT

Answer 7

Fluoxetine

Question 8

(TCA) = inhibits re-uptake of NE and 5-HT

Answer 8

Trimipramine

Question 9

inhibit protein synthesis by binding, with high affinity, to the A-site on the 16S ribosomal RNA of the 30S ribosome

Answer 9

Aminoglycosides

Question 10

reversibly inhibit nerve transmission by binding voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) in the nerve plasma membrane

Answer 10

Local anesthetics

Question 11

inhibit synaptic activity partly through direct activation of μ, δ, and κ receptors that confers antinociceptive mechanisms at the spinal level.

Answer 11

Opioid analgesics

Question 12

a medication is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical, if it is used as directed by the mother during pregnancy.

Answer 12

Pregnancy category

Question 13

Fetal risks are evident; there are no situations where the risk/benefit justifies use

Answer 13

Pregnancy Category X

Question 14

Insufficient human studies, but animal studies show problems or: No animal studies, and insufficient human studies

Answer 14

Pregnancy Category C

Question 15

Appropriate human studies - no risk

Answer 15

Pregnancy Category A

Question 16

Human studies, with/without animal research show fetal risks, but the drug is important to some women to treat their conditions

Answer 16

Pregnancy Category D

Question 17

Insufficient human studies, but animal research suggests safety or: Animal studies show issues but human studies show safety

Answer 17

Pregnancy Category B

Question 18

a solid dosage form containing medicinal substance(s) with or without diluents.

Answer 18

Tablet

Question 19

a solid dosage form in which the drug is enclosed within a hard or soft soluble container or shell.

Answer 19

Capsule

Question 20

drug in the form of a capsule prepared in such a way that, when taken orally, its contents are released slowly

Answer 20

Spansules

Question 21

tablet dosage form in the shape of a capsule.

Answer 21

Caplet

Question 22

a two-phase system in which one liquid is dispersed throughout another liquid in the form of small droplets.

Answer 22

Emulsion

Question 23

a solution containing a high concentration of sucrose or other sugars

Answer 23

Syrup

Question 24

a liquid preparation that consists of solid particles dispersed throughout a liquid phase in which the particles are not soluble; it may be oral, topical, otic, or ophthalmic.

Answer 24

Suspension