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final frontier cardiopulmonary > ECGs > Flashcards

ECGs Flashcards

1
Q

What is an Ectopic Beat?

A

Beat that originates from a site other than the sinus node (Sinoatrial Node)

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2
Q

Sinus Bradycardia Rate?

A

40 - < 60 bpm

(Everything else on EKG strip Normal)

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3
Q

Rate for Sinus Tachycardia?

A

> 100 - 160 bpm

(Everything else is normal on strip)

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4
Q

What is a Premature Atrial Contraction? Characteristics?

A

Originate from the Atria but not from the SA node

  • Abnormal looking P wave
  • May have Compensatory Pause
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5
Q

What is Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia?

A

Sudden Occurrence.

  • Fast and Narrow
  • Difficult to distinguish origin of each beat
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6
Q

What is Atrial Flutter? What can this imply?

A
  • Rapid Atrial Depolarization
  • Saw-Tooth Appearance
  • Always implies Heart Disease
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7
Q

What is Atrial Fibrillation?

A
  • Wavy baseline, no clear P’s, Irregular
  • Most common rhythm after sinus rhythm
  • Irregularly Irregular
  • Rapid Atrial Depolarization
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8
Q

What is a Premature Junctional Contraction? Characteristics?

A

Ectopic pacemaker sit in the AV node (junction)

  • P wave inversion, precede, follow or be hidden within the QRS complex
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9
Q

Normal instances in which ectopic beats (PACs or PJCs) can occur?

A
  • Stress
  • Nicotine
  • Caffeine
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10
Q

What is junctional rhythm?

A

Arrhythmia originating at the AV junction (40 - 60 bpm)

  • when impulses from the SA node fail to reach the AV node, this rhythm almost immediately takes over
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11
Q

Heart Block Poem

A
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12
Q

Characteristics of a First-Degree AV Block?

A
  • Equal but long PR intervals >.20 seconds
  • No dropped beats

“If the R is far from the P, then you have a first degree”

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13
Q

Second Degree AV Block (Mobitz I or Wenckebach)

A
  • PR interval progressively lengthens, impulse then completely blocked.

“Longer, Longer, Longer drop. Then you have a Wenckebach”

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14
Q

Second Degree Heart Block Mobitz II

A
  • Sudden blocked P waves without variation or prolongation of the PR interval

“If some P’s don’s get through, then you have a Mobitz II”

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15
Q

3rd Degree AV Block

A
  • P wave completely blocked
  • QRS complexes originate independently below the junction
  • No relationship between P waves and QRS
  • STOP EXERCISE

“If the Ps and Qs don’t agree then you have a 3rd Degree”

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16
Q

What is a PVC?

A

Ectopic Beat originating from the ventricles.
- Wide and Bizarre QRS complex
- Usually will have a complete compensatory pause

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17
Q

When to STOP exercise during VTACH?

A

Sustained or symptomatic VTACH

18
Q

Uniform vs Multiform PVCs

A

Uniform: More than 1 PVC look alike
Multiform: When they look different

19
Q

Ventricular Tachycardia?

A

3 or more PVCs in succession

  • Sustained VT > 30 seconds is life threatening
  • Need for Defibrillator
20
Q

What is the most common fatal dysrhythmia?

A

Ventricular Fibrillation

  • Ventricles do not beat in a coordinated manner; quiver
  • Defibrillator!! Better hope that shit is working

(CPR or Drugs are not effective)

21
Q

Asystole and Electrocardioversion

A

Does not work if there is no rhythm

22
Q

One way to diagnose acute myocardial infarction on ECG?

A

ST segment elevation

23
Q

ST segment depression is usually indicative of?

A

Myocardial Ischemia

24
Q

Single PVCs and CO?

A

Single PVCs will not compromise CO if less than 7 per minute.

  • if PVCs increase with activity, it should be stopped
25
Q

What is R on T phenomenon

A

PVC fires very prematurely on the T wave of the previous cycle.

  • She is very bad
  • Can progress to Vtach or Vfib
26
Q

What does the P Wave Represent?

A

Atrial Depolarization

27
Q

What does the QRS complex represent?

A
  • Ventricular Depolarization
  • Atrial Repolarization
28
Q

What does the T wave Represent?

A

Ventricular Repolarization

29
Q

What is the necessary steps to take in the event of a First Degree AV Block?

A

Continue Exercise; no modifications needed

30
Q

What is the necessary steps to take in the event of a Second Degree Type 1?

A

Monitor and Continue with Lower Intensity

31
Q

What is the necessary steps to take in the event of a Second Degree Type 2?

A

Stop Exercise

  • NOT AN EMERGENCY
  • No need to call 911
32
Q

What is the necessary steps to take in the event of a Third Degree Heart Block?

A

STOP IMMEDIATELY

  • Activate Emergency Services
33
Q

How many mm of ST segment depression is 911 warranted?

A

> 2 mm

34
Q

How many mm of ST segment elevation is 911 warranted?

A

> 1 mm

35
Q

Does Emergency Services or 911 need to be alerted in the event of Atrial Flutter?

A

NO! Do not call 911

36
Q

What is the necessary steps to take in the event of Atrial Fibrillation?

A

911 not warranted

  • Stop exercise, report to physician
37
Q

What is the necessary steps to take in the event of multifocal PVCs?

A

Stop Exercise!

38
Q

What is the necessary steps to take in the event of a Couplet (2 PVCs)?

A

Stop Exercise

39
Q

What is the necessary steps to take in the event of VTach?

A

CALL 911

40
Q

What is the necessary steps to take in the event of VFib

A

CALL 911

41
Q

What is the necessary steps to take in the event of a single unifocal PVC?

A

Exercise at a lower intensity

  • Do not need to consult with physician

final frontier cardiopulmonary (28 decks)

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