Pharmacology: The treatment of respiratory infections Flashcards

1
Q

URTI

Describe the agents you would use to treat Acute Sinusitis/Otitis media (Streptococcus pneumonia and Haemophilus influenza)

A

1.High dose Amoxicillin
2.Co-amoxiclav
3.Cefuroxime or cefpodoxime
4.A macrolide(Erythromycin or Azithromycin)
5.FLuoroquinolone
6.Telithromycin(in macrolide resistance)

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2
Q

URTI

Describe the treatment of Chronic Sinusitis

A

Antibiotic treatment not always effective

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3
Q

URTI

Describe the treatment of Pharyngitis/Laryngitis/Tonsilitis

A

Caused by Grou[ A beta-haemolytic streptococci(S.pyogenes)

Agents
1. Benzathine Penicillin
2. Phenoxymethylpenicillin(pen V)
3. Amoxicillin or co-amoxiclav
4. In penicillin allergy: Macrolide(clarithromycin or Azithromycin) or Cephalosporins(Cefpodoxime, cefprozil, cefuroxime) or Telithromycin

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4
Q

URTI

Describe the treatment for Epiglotitis (caused by H.Influenza)

A
  1. Second or third generation of Cephalosporin (Cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime)
  2. Chloramphenicol(side effects-severe bone marrow toxicity)
  3. Co-amoxiclav.
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5
Q

Describe the treatment of Conjunctivitis

A

Purulent conjunctivitis: topical chloramphenical drops(for 5 days)
*If there is not response,
1. Topical tobramycin(aminoglycoside)
2. Topical ciprofloxacin
3. Topical fusidix acid
4. Bacitracin/Polymyxin B ointment

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6
Q

LRTI

Describe the treatment of Acute bacterial bronchitis

A

This is inflammation of the aireaus usually caused by viral infection

Resolves on its own within a few weeks

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7
Q

Describe the treatment of Acute bacterial pneumonia

A

This is infection in the lungs…so basically alveoli fill with pus/fluid

We treat this with Antibiotics

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8
Q

LRTI

Describe the treatment of Acute bronchitis and Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.

A

Acute bronchitis
(caused by B.pertussin, C.pneumoniae, M.catarrhalis, H.Influenza or M.Pneumoniae)
1. Macrolide
2. Doxycycline-Tetracycline

Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
1. Amoxillin or co-amoxiclav or ceftriaxone
2. Fluroquinolones(mocifloxacin and Levofloxacin)

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9
Q

List all the possible causes (infections) of bacterial pneumoniae

A
  1. S.pneumonia
  2. H.influenzae
  3. S,Auerues
  4. K.pneumonae
  5. M.pneumonae
  6. C.pneumonae
  7. Legionella spp
  8. B.pertussis
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10
Q

Bacterial Pneumonia

Describe the treatment of Bacterial Pneumonia.
Patients less than 5 years and no cormobidities

A

Patients less than 5 years and no cormobidities
1. Amoxillin or Penicillin G or Ampicillin
2. Add macrolide or Ampicillin if there’s no response after 48 hours.

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11
Q

Describe the treatment of Bacterial Pneumonia.

Patients over 65 years, no cormobidities, no usage of antibiotics within prior 90 days

A
  1. Co-amoxiclav
  2. Second or Third Generation Cephalosporin (cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime)
  3. In case of poor response, add a macrolide or azalide
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12
Q

Describe the treatment of Bacterial Pneumonia.

Severe Pneumonia

A
  1. Co-amoxiclav
  2. second or third generation cephalosporin and macrolide/azalide
  3. in case of penicillin allergy, give Levofloxacin or Moxifloxacin or Macrolide/Azalide.
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13
Q

Describe the treatment of Bacterial Pneumonia.

Atypical Pneumonia(Mycoplasma Pneumonia or Chlamydophila Pneumonia)

A
  1. Macrolide
  2. Levofloxacin or Moxifloxacin
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14
Q

Describe the treatment of Bacterial Pneumonia.

Atypical Pneumonia (legionella Pneumophilia)

A
  1. Macrolide
  2. Levofloxacin or Moxifloxacin
  3. Beta-Lactams not effective
  4. Co-amoxiclav
  5. Cefuroxime or Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime
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15
Q

Describe the treatment of Bacterial Pneumonia.

In Children

A
  1. Amoxicillin or Ampicillin or Co-amoxiclav
  2. Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime(severe)
  3. In penicillin allergy: Macrolide
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16
Q

Describe the treatment of Bacterial Pneumonia.

Neonates

A

Require hospitalisation
Penicillin G or Ampicilllin
Add Gentamycin or Cefotaxime/Ceftriaxone