Pharmacology: The treatment of respiratory infections Flashcards
URTI
Describe the agents you would use to treat Acute Sinusitis/Otitis media (Streptococcus pneumonia and Haemophilus influenza)
1.High dose Amoxicillin
2.Co-amoxiclav
3.Cefuroxime or cefpodoxime
4.A macrolide(Erythromycin or Azithromycin)
5.FLuoroquinolone
6.Telithromycin(in macrolide resistance)
URTI
Describe the treatment of Chronic Sinusitis
Antibiotic treatment not always effective
URTI
Describe the treatment of Pharyngitis/Laryngitis/Tonsilitis
Caused by Grou[ A beta-haemolytic streptococci(S.pyogenes)
Agents
1. Benzathine Penicillin
2. Phenoxymethylpenicillin(pen V)
3. Amoxicillin or co-amoxiclav
4. In penicillin allergy: Macrolide(clarithromycin or Azithromycin) or Cephalosporins(Cefpodoxime, cefprozil, cefuroxime) or Telithromycin
URTI
Describe the treatment for Epiglotitis (caused by H.Influenza)
- Second or third generation of Cephalosporin (Cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime)
- Chloramphenicol(side effects-severe bone marrow toxicity)
- Co-amoxiclav.
Describe the treatment of Conjunctivitis
Purulent conjunctivitis: topical chloramphenical drops(for 5 days)
*If there is not response,
1. Topical tobramycin(aminoglycoside)
2. Topical ciprofloxacin
3. Topical fusidix acid
4. Bacitracin/Polymyxin B ointment
LRTI
Describe the treatment of Acute bacterial bronchitis
This is inflammation of the aireaus usually caused by viral infection
Resolves on its own within a few weeks
Describe the treatment of Acute bacterial pneumonia
This is infection in the lungs…so basically alveoli fill with pus/fluid
We treat this with Antibiotics
LRTI
Describe the treatment of Acute bronchitis and Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.
Acute bronchitis
(caused by B.pertussin, C.pneumoniae, M.catarrhalis, H.Influenza or M.Pneumoniae)
1. Macrolide
2. Doxycycline-Tetracycline
Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
1. Amoxillin or co-amoxiclav or ceftriaxone
2. Fluroquinolones(mocifloxacin and Levofloxacin)
List all the possible causes (infections) of bacterial pneumoniae
- S.pneumonia
- H.influenzae
- S,Auerues
- K.pneumonae
- M.pneumonae
- C.pneumonae
- Legionella spp
- B.pertussis
Bacterial Pneumonia
Describe the treatment of Bacterial Pneumonia.
Patients less than 5 years and no cormobidities
Patients less than 5 years and no cormobidities
1. Amoxillin or Penicillin G or Ampicillin
2. Add macrolide or Ampicillin if there’s no response after 48 hours.
Describe the treatment of Bacterial Pneumonia.
Patients over 65 years, no cormobidities, no usage of antibiotics within prior 90 days
- Co-amoxiclav
- Second or Third Generation Cephalosporin (cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime)
- In case of poor response, add a macrolide or azalide
Describe the treatment of Bacterial Pneumonia.
Severe Pneumonia
- Co-amoxiclav
- second or third generation cephalosporin and macrolide/azalide
- in case of penicillin allergy, give Levofloxacin or Moxifloxacin or Macrolide/Azalide.
Describe the treatment of Bacterial Pneumonia.
Atypical Pneumonia(Mycoplasma Pneumonia or Chlamydophila Pneumonia)
- Macrolide
- Levofloxacin or Moxifloxacin
Describe the treatment of Bacterial Pneumonia.
Atypical Pneumonia (legionella Pneumophilia)
- Macrolide
- Levofloxacin or Moxifloxacin
- Beta-Lactams not effective
- Co-amoxiclav
- Cefuroxime or Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime
Describe the treatment of Bacterial Pneumonia.
In Children
- Amoxicillin or Ampicillin or Co-amoxiclav
- Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime(severe)
- In penicillin allergy: Macrolide