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Microbio > Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Local Infection

A

PAthogens limited to a small area of the body

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2
Q

Systemic infection

A

An infection throughout the body

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3
Q

Focal infection

A

Systemic infection that began as a local infection

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4
Q

Bacteremia

A

Bacteria in the blood

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5
Q

Septicemia

A

Growth of bacteria in the blood

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6
Q

Toxemia

A

Toxins in the blood

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7
Q

Viremia

A

Viruses in the blood

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8
Q

Primary infection

A

Acute infection that causes initial illness

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9
Q

Secondary infection

A

Opportunistic infection after a primary (predisposing) infection

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10
Q

Subclinical disease

A

No noticeable signs or symptoms (no apparent infection, CARRIER)

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11
Q

Incubation period

A

No signs or symptoms

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12
Q

Prodromal period

A

Starting to develop some signs and symptoms

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13
Q

Period of illness

A

Experience of full fledge of disease, all signs and symptoms typical of disease, damage to body

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14
Q

Death

A

If immune response and/or medical treatment fails

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15
Q

Period of decline

A

Symptoms begin to decline, indication that body condition is improving

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16
Q

Period of convalescence

A

Still microbes in the body but potentially no signs or symptoms, could potentially relapse back into period of illness

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17
Q

Reservoirs of infection

A

Continual sources of infection. For humans, it is commonly other humans.

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18
Q

Zoonoses

A

If animal is carrier of disease / the reservoir of disease for humans

19
Q

Direct Contact

A

Requires close association between infected and suspectible host

20
Q

Indirect contact

A

Spread by fomites, inanimate objects that can transmit disease. Microbes left by another human on a surface

21
Q

Droplet contact

A

Transmission via airborne droplets traveling less than 1 meter

22
Q

Vehicle transmission

A

Transmission by an inanimate reservoir (food borne, waterborne, domestic water and sewage, airborne = more than 1m)

23
Q

Vector Transmission

A

Arthropods (insects, crustaceans, etc) especially fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes

24
Q

Mechanical Vector transmission

A

Arthropod carries pathogen on its feet

25
Q

Biological Vector Transmission

A

Pathogen reproduces in vector

26
Q

Nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections

A

Acquired as a result of a hospital stay, 5-15% of all hospital patients acquire nosocomial infection

27
Q

Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID)

A

Disease that are new, increasing in incidence, or showing a potential to increase in the near future

28
Q

Contributing factors to EID

A

Modern transportation (west Nile virus) , ecological disaster, war, expanding human settlement, animal control measures, public health failure

29
Q

Epidemiology

A

The study of where and when diseases occur

30
Q

Descriptive epidemiology

A

Collection and analysis of data regarding occurrence of disease

31
Q

Analytical epidemiology

A

Comparison of a diseased group and a healthy group

32
Q

Experimental epidemiology

A

Study of a disease using controlled experiments

33
Q

Case reporting

A

Health care workers report specified disease to local, state, and national offices

34
Q

Nationally notifiable diseases

A

Physicians are required to report occurrence

35
Q

Morbidity

A

Incidence of a specific notifiable disease

36
Q

Mortality

A

Deaths from notifiable disease

37
Q

Morbidity rate

A

Number of people affected/total population in a given time period

38
Q

Mortality rate

A

Number of deaths from a disease/total population in a given time

39
Q

Attenuated vaccine

A

Contains weakened microbe

40
Q

Inactivated vaccine

A

Contains killed microbe

41
Q

Subunit Vaccine

A

Contains fragments of the microbe that have antigenic properties

42
Q

Conjugated Vaccine

A

Antigenic fragment of a microbe combined with another molecule to produce an immune response

43
Q

Recombinant Vaccine

A

Contains cloned genetic material for an antigen

44
Q

Toxoid Vaccine

A

Inactivated toxin used to make antibodies

Microbio (14 decks)

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