Antibiotic Mechanisms

Question 1

Mechanism of action of ANTIFUNGALS (amphotericin, nystatin, etc)

Answer 1

Bind to sterols in the cell membrane, disrupt cell membrane integrity and diffusion of macromolecules -> cell death

Question 2

Mechanism of action Sulfonamides, trimethoprim

Answer 2

block metabolite formation like folic acid

Question 3

Mechanism of action of Rifampin

Answer 3

inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase -> blocks synthesis of RNA

Question 4

mechanism of action of Tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and clindamycin

Answer 4

bind to ribosomes, block bacterial growth by inhibiting protein synthesis

Question 5

bacterial resistance to tetracyclines occurs via

Answer 5

increased drug efflux
ribosome protection
tetracycline modification

Question 6

mechanism of action for tetracyclines

Answer 6

inhibit bacterial growth by inhibiting protein synthesis thru ribosomal binding

Question 7

bacterial resistance to fluoroquinolones occur thru what?

Answer 7

mutations of bacterial DNA gyrase

Question 8

mechanism of action of cephalosporins and penicillins

Answer 8

inhibits cell wall production by preventing peptidoglycan cross linking

Question 9

mechanism of action of aminoglycosides

Answer 9

irreversibly bind the 30s ribosomal subunit inhibiting translation

Question 10

mechanism of action of vanc

Answer 10

disrupting the addition of cell wall subunitis, inhibiting cell wall synthesis

Question 11

rifamycin mechanism of action

Answer 11

inhibit dna-dependent rna polymerase and penetrate biofilms
cnanot be used as monotherapy - rapid resistance occurs

Question 12

mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones

Answer 12

inhibit DNA gyrase

Question 13

mechanism of action of macrolides (erythromycin/clarithromycin)

Answer 13

bind 50S ribosomal subunits and inhibit protein synthesis