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Clinical Bacteriology (Midterm) > (Lecture) Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing > Flashcards

(Lecture) Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Flashcards

1
Q

A laboratory procedure in which it determines the susceptibility pattern of an isolate

A

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

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2
Q

Substance that inhibit the growth of microorganisms

A

Antibiotics

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3
Q

Products of microorganisms that reacts with and inhibit the growth of another microorganism

A

Antibiotics

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4
Q

This is performed on bacteria causing an individual’s infection after they have been recovered in a culture of the specimen.

A

Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing

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5
Q

What are the 2 Methods of AST?

A

Diffusion Method
Dilution Method

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6
Q

It is used to determine the potential effectiveness of specific antibiotics on the bacteria and/or to determine if the bacteria have developed resistance to certain antibiotics.

A

Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing

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7
Q

List down the methods under Diffusion Methods:

A
  1. Kirby-Bauer Diffusion Method
  2. Agar Cup Diffusion Method
  3. Agar Cylinder Diffusion Method
  4. Epsilometer or Gradient Diffusion Method
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8
Q

List down the methods under Dilution Methods:

A
  1. Macrobroth Method or Tube Dilution Method
  2. Microtube Dilution Method
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9
Q

It is a suspension of bacteria that has been isolated from a patient.

A

Pure Inoculum

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10
Q

Required number of bacteria that must be present in a pure inoculum:

A

1.5 x 10^8 CFU/mL

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11
Q

Required number of bacteria that must be present in a pure inoculum:

A

1.5 x 10^8 CFU/mL

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12
Q

This is used to standardize the approximate number of bacteria in a liquid suspension by visually comparing the turbidity of a test suspension with the turbidity of a McFarland standard

A

Pure Inoculum

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13
Q

Pure Inoculum is used to standardize the approximate number of bacteria in a liquid suspension by visually comparing the turbidity of a test suspension with the turbidity of a _____

A

McFarland Standard

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14
Q

McFarland Standard is prepared by adding _____ to sulfuric acid to obtain a barium sulfate precipitate

A

Barium chloride

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15
Q

Pure Inoculum is prepared by adding barium chloride to _____ to obtain a barium sulfate precipitate

A

Sulfuric acid

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16
Q

Pure Inoculum is prepared by adding barium chloride to sulfuric acid to obtain a _____

A

Barium sulfate precipitate

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17
Q

Recommended population density:

A

1.5 x 10^8 CFU/mL

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18
Q

_____ of 1% Sulfuric acid + 0.5 mL of 1.175% Barium chloride

A

99.5 mL

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19
Q

99.5 mL of _____ Sulfuric acid + 0.5 mL of 1.175% Barium chloride

A

1%

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20
Q

99.5 mL of 1% Sulfuric acid + _____ of 1.175% Barium chloride

A

0.5 mL

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21
Q

99.5 mL of 1% Sulfuric acid + 0.5 mL of _____ Barium chloride

A

1.175%

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22
Q

A tube that has barium chloride and sulfuric acid and it doesn’t have any bacteria.

A

McFarland Standard

23
Q

Also known as Agar Diffusion Method or Disk Diffusion Method

A

Kirby-Bauer Method

24
Q

Kirby-Bauer Method is also known as _____ or _____

A

Agar Diffusion Method
Disk Diffusion Method

25
Q

Principle of Kirby-Bauer Method

A
  • A standardized suspension of organism is inoculated into MHA (Mueller-Hinton Agar)
  • Paper disk impregnated with specific antibiotics concentration are placed into the agar
  • After 16-20 hours incubation, the diameters of the zone of inhibitions are measured
  • Results are compared to determine susceptibility or resistance
26
Q

A Method wherein you will inoculate the bacteria to the whole surface of culture media without space.

A

Lawn Culture Method

27
Q

Kirby-Bauer Method is isolated using _____ - meaning you will inoculate the bacteria to the whole surface of culture media without space. Then put on an antibiotic disc. Each antibiotic disc has different antibiotics.

A

Lawn Culture Method

28
Q

The area surrounding the antibiotics wherein it doesn’t have a growth.

A

Zone of Inhibition

29
Q

An area with no zone of inhibition is equivalent to _____

A

6

30
Q

Lowest Zone of Inhibition Measurement

A

6

31
Q

Step-by-Step Procedure for Kirby-Bauer Method

A
  1. Preparation of pure inoculum
  2. Standardize pure inoculum, using 0.5 McFarland Standard
  3. Streak the pure inoculum into the medium
  4. Apply antibiotic discs
  5. Incubate
  6. Measure the zone of inhibition
32
Q

In Kirby-Bauer Diffusion Method, we prepare the pure inoculum using the following:

A
  1. Mueller-Hinton Broth
  2. Trypticase Soy Broth
  3. Sterile Distilled Water
  4. Natural Saline Solution
  5. Brain Heart Infusion Broth
33
Q

If the standard is more turbid than inoculum, what do we do?

A

Add Colonies or Incubate Inoculum

34
Q

If the inoculum is more turbid than standard, what do we do?

A

We add distilled water into the inoculum

35
Q

A heavy inoculum will result in _____, whereas a lighter inoculum will give _____

A

Small Zone Sizes
Larger Zone Sizes

36
Q

A _____ will result in small zone sizes, whereas a _____ will give larger zone sizes

A

Heavy Inoculum
Lighter Inoculum

37
Q

In streaking the pure inoculum into the medium, we use _____ and we streak with _____

A

Sterile Cotton Swab
No Spaces in Between

38
Q

In applying antibiotic discs, we use _____.

A

Forceps or Tweezers

39
Q

Preferred spaces in applying antibiotic discs

A

At least 25mm each antibiotic

40
Q

Incubation period for Kirby-Bauer Method

A

35 degree Celsius for 16/18-20 hours

41
Q

In measuring the zone of inhibition, what instrument/s is/are used?

A

Ruler or Microcaliper

42
Q

Unit used in measuring the zone of inhibition

A

mm or millimeter

43
Q

Bacterias are being killed fast. What is the interpretation of the result?

A

Susceptible or Sensitive

44
Q

Indicates that the organism is inhibited by the recommended dose, at the infection site of an antimicrobial agent

A

Susceptible or Sensitive

45
Q

Represents an organism that may require a higher dose of antibiotic for a longer time period to be inhibited

A

Intermediate

46
Q

Antibiotics are not effective for that particular bacteria. This indicates that the microorganisms are _____ to the antibiotics.

A

Resistant

47
Q

Organism is not inhibited by recommended dose

A

Resistant

48
Q

Considerations in Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing;

A
  1. Growth Medium
  2. Inoculum
  3. Temperature and Atmospheric Conditions
  4. Choice of Antibiotic Panel
  5. Reading and Interpreting Results
49
Q

pH required for the Growth of Medium

A

7.2-7.4

50
Q

Agar depth required for the Growth of Medium

A

3-5mm

51
Q

If the medium is _____ the zones will be falsely small

A

Too thick

52
Q

If the medium is too thick the zones will be falsely _____

A

Small

53
Q

If the medium is _____ the zones will be falsely large

A

Too thin

54
Q

If the medium is too thin the zones will be falsely _____

A

Large

Clinical Bacteriology (Midterm) (11 decks)

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