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Clinical Bacteriology (Midterm) > (Lecture) Vibrio, Aeromonas, Campylobacter, and Helicobacter > Flashcards

(Lecture) Vibrio, Aeromonas, Campylobacter, and Helicobacter Flashcards

1
Q

Factors to consider when identifying Vibrio infection:

A
  1. Recent consumption of raw seafood
  2. Recent immigration or foreign travel
  3. Gastroenteritis with cholera-like or rice-water stools
  4. Accidental trauma incurred during contact with fresh, estuarine, or marine water or associated products
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2
Q

Microscopic morphology of Vibrio specie in broth:

A

Possess polar, sheathed flagella

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3
Q

Microscopic morphology of Vibrio species in solid media:

A

Peritrichous, unsheathed flagella

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4
Q

Catalase Test result of Vibrio specie:

A

Catalase negative except for Vibrio metschnikovii

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5
Q

Oxidase Test result of Vibrio specie:

A

Oxidase positive except for Vibrio metschnikovii

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6
Q

Is Vibrio specie Glucose Fermenter of Non-Glucose Fermenter?

A

Glucose Fermenter

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7
Q

Is Vibrio specie Vibriostatic 0/129 susceptible or resistant?

A

Vibriostatic 0/129 Susceptible

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8
Q

Does Vibrio grow on MAC or not?

A

Vibrio species do not grow on MAC

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9
Q

Routine media used for Vibrio species:

A

Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salt Agar

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10
Q

Is Vibrio positive for String test or negative?

A

Positive String Test

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11
Q

Most Vibrio exhibit a positive string test is observed as a mucoid “stringing” reaction after emulsification of colonies in _____

A

0.5% sodium deoxycholate

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12
Q

Most Vibrio species are susceptible to the vibriostatic compound O/129, exhibiting a zone of inhibition to a 150-µg Vibriostat disk on _____ or _____

A

Mueller-Hinton Agar
Trypticase Soy Agar

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13
Q

All specie of Vibrio are halophilic or “salt-loving” except for what specie/s?

A

Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio mimicus

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14
Q

Three major subgroups of V. cholerae:

A

Vibrio cholerae O1
Vibrio cholerae 0139
Vibrio cholerae non-O1

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15
Q

Based on the composition of O antigen, V. cholerae O1 organisms are divided into the following serotypes:

A
  1. Ogawa – India
  2. Inaba – Philippines
  3. Hikojima – Japan
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16
Q

Causative agent of cholera (aka Asiatic cholera or epidemic cholera)

A

Vibrio cholerae O1

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17
Q

Vibrio cholerae O1 is also known as _____ or _____

A

Asiatic cholera
Epidemic cholera

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18
Q

Cholera is prevalent in the Bengal region of _____ and _____

A

India
Bangladesh

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19
Q

This is responsible for rice watery stools in cholera that contains which can rapidly lead to dehydration and death.

A

Cholera toxin or choleragen

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20
Q

In treatment for Cholera, if the patient is resistant to tetracycline or doxycycline, what antibiotics is/are used?

A

Azithromycin
Ciprofloxacin

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21
Q

Two types of Cholera:

A
  1. Classical Type of Cholera
  2. El Tor Type of Cholera
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22
Q

What Cholera type is negative and positive for Voges Proskauer Test?

A

Negative: Classical Type of Cholera
Positive: El Tor Type of Cholera

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23
Q

What Cholera Type of resistant and susceptible for the Polymixin B Susceptibility Test?

A

Resistant: Classical Type of Cholera
Susceptible: El Tor Type of Cholera

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24
Q

A Type of Cholera that agglutinate chicken red blood cells:

A

El Tor Type of Cholera

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25
Q

The second most common Vibrio species implicated in gastroenteritis after V. cholerae.

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

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26
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus was first recognized as a pathogen in _____ in year _____

A

Japan
1950

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27
Q

Vibrio parahemolyticus is the primary cause of _____ in Japan.

A

Summer Diarrhea

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28
Q

The pathogenesis of V. parahaemolyticus is not as well understood as V. cholerae. However, there is a possible association between hemolysin production and virulence, known as the _____

A

Kanagawa Phenemenon

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29
Q

It has been observed that most clinical V. parahaemolyticus strains produce a heat-stable hemolysin that is able to lyse human erythrocytes in a special, high-salt mannitol medium which is the _____

A

Wagatsuma Agar

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30
Q

Vibrio specie that is least pathogenic and most frequently isolated

A

Vibrio alginolyticus

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31
Q

Two categories of infection under Vibrio vulnificus specie:

A

Primary septicemia
Wound Infections

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32
Q

On SBA and CAP, what is the appearance of Vibrio species?

A

Medium to large colonies that appear smooth, opaque, and iridescent with a greenish hue

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33
Q

Media/s that can give Vibrio species a false-positive oxidase reactions:

A

MAC
CIN

34
Q

Transport Media used for Vibrio species if there is a delay in specimen processing:

A

Carry-Blair

35
Q

Recommended Selective Medium for Vibrio spp.

A

TCBS

36
Q

Non-sucrose Fermenter Vibrio species:

A

V. mimicus
V. parahaemolyticus
P. damsela
Most V. vulnificus strains
Some V. vulnificus

37
Q

Sucrose Fermenter Vibrio species:

A

V. cholerae
V. alginolyticus
V. fluvialis
V. furnissii
V. conconnatiensis
V. metschnikovii

38
Q

Enrichment procedure for Vibrio species:

A

Alkaline peptone water with 1% NaCl can be inoculated (at least 20 mL) and incubated for 5 to 8 hours at 35° C

39
Q

All Vibrio spp. are inositol fermenter except for _____ and _____

A

V. cincinnatiensis
Some strains of V. metschnikovii

40
Q

Oxidase Test result for Aeromonas:

A

Oxidase Positive

41
Q

Are Aeromonas Glucose Fermenter or Non-glucose Fermenter?

A

Glucose Fermenter

42
Q

A specie of Aeromonas that is most frequently associated with gastrointestinal infections.

A

A. caviae

43
Q

Colony appearance of Aeromonas:

A

Large, round, raised, opaque colonies with an entire edge and a smooth, often mucoid surface

44
Q

Hemolytic pattern of Aeromonas:

A

Strong β-hemolysis

45
Q

Colony appearance of Aeromonas on CIN:

A

Pink-centered colonies (mannitol fermenter)

46
Q

Are Aeromonas inositol positive or inositol negative?

A

Inositol negative

47
Q

A specie under Aeromonas that is Lactose-fermenter:

A

A. caviae

48
Q

Are Aeromonas string test positive or string test negative?

A

String test negative

49
Q

A re Aeromonas Vibriostatic O/129 susceptible or resistant?

A

Vibriostatic O/129 resistant

50
Q

On CIN Medium, Aeromonas will form pink-centered colonies from the fermentation of mannitol, with an uneven, clear apron resembling _____

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

51
Q

A positive oxidase distinguishes Aeromonads from the family _____

A

Enterobacteriaceae

52
Q

For separation of Aeromonads from Plesiomonads, one can use the _____

A

Inositol Fermentation

53
Q

The ability to ferment glucose, with or without the production of gas, distinguishes Aeromonas from _____

A

Pseudomonas

54
Q

The best tests to distinguish the Aeromonads from Vibrio spp. are the _____ AND _____

A

String Test
Sensitivity to O/129

55
Q

A Campylobacter specie which is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worlwide

A

C. jejuni

56
Q

Mode of transmission of Campylobacterioses:

A
  • Direct contact with animals and handling infected pets, such as dogs, cats, and birds
  • Indirectly by the consumption of contaminated water and dairy products and improperly cooked poultry
  • Person-person transmission
57
Q

A Campylobacter specie that is the causative agent of bacteremia

A

C. fetus

58
Q

Patients infected with C. jejuni present with a diarrheal disease that begins with mild abdominal pain within _____ after ingestion of the organisms.

A

2 to 10 days

59
Q

In most patients, the illness caused by C. jejuni is self-limited and usually resolves in _____

A

2 to 6 days

60
Q

An autoimmune disorder characterized by acute paralysis caused by damage to the peripheral nervous system

A

GBS (Guillain-Barré Syndrome)

61
Q

Important specie under Helicobacter

A

Helicobacter pylori

62
Q

The major cause of type B gastritis or peptic ulcer

A

Helicobacter pylori

63
Q

Specimen for Campylobacter causing gastroenteritis (C. jejuni):

A
  • Stool
  • Rectal swab (less preferred)
64
Q

If there is a delay in the processing of specimen for Campylobacter specie, what is the Transport medium used?

A

Carry-Blair

65
Q

A common stool transport medium, _____, is toxic to enteric Campylobacters and should therefore be avoided.

A

Buffered Glycerol Saline

66
Q

Specimen of choice of C. fetus:

A

Blood with incubation at 35 degree Celsius to 37 degree Celsius

67
Q

Specimen of choice for Helicobacter:

A

Gastric biopsy material

68
Q

Transport medium for Helicobacter species:

A

Stuart medium

69
Q

Gastric biopsy samples obtain from patients with suspected Helicobacter specie may also be placed in _____

A

Cysteine-Brucella broth with 20% glycerol and frozen at −70°C

70
Q

Commonly used selective media for C. jejuni:

A

Campy-BAP (blood agar plate)

71
Q

Other selective media that have been successful in recovering Campylobacter spp. are:

A

Butzler medium and Skirrow’s medium

72
Q

Commonly used media for H. pylori:

A

CAP or Brucella agar with 5% Horse red blood cells (nonselective medium)

73
Q

Selective media for H. pylori:

A

Skirrow’s agar

74
Q

Incubation temperature of Campylobacter jejuni:

A

42 degree Celsius

75
Q

Incubation temperature of Helicobacter pylori:

A

37 degree Celsius

76
Q

Ideal Atmospheric Environment for Campylobacter:

A

5% O2, 10% CO2

77
Q

Ideal Atmospheric Environment for Helicobacter:

A

5% to 10% O2 and 5% to 12% CO2

78
Q

What is the specie that has a colony morphology of smooth, convex, translucent colonies?

A

C. fetus subsp. fetus

79
Q

What is the specie that has a colony morphology of moist, runny looking, and spreading?

A

C. jejuni and other enteric Campylobacters

80
Q

In between Helicobacter pylori and Camyplobacter jejuni, identify what is specie is positive and negative on Urease Test.

A

Positive: Helicobacter pylori
Negative: Campylobacter jejuni

81
Q

In between Helicobacter pylori and Camyplobacter jejuni, identify what is specie is positive and negative on Hippurate Hydrolysis Test.

A

Positive: Campylobacter jejuni
Negative: Helicobacter pylori

Clinical Bacteriology (Midterm) (11 decks)

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