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LMS Modules Auraprep > Exam 5: Extra Practice chapter 16-24 > Flashcards

Exam 5: Extra Practice chapter 16-24 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding asthma?
A. Asthma involves accumulation of air in the pleural space.
B. Asthma involves a collection of fluid in the pleural space.
C. Asthma involves spasms of the bronchi and bronchioles.
D. Asthma involves a collection of fluid in the alveoli

A

B. Asthma involves a collection of fluid in the pleural space.

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2
Q

When assisting an patient who has asthma with a small-volume nebulizer attached to oxygen, what is the appropriate flow rate for
the oxygen?
A. 2 L/min
B. 4 L/min
C. 6 L/min
D. 10 L/min

A

C. 6 L/min

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3
Q

Name the normal respiratory rates for
adults
children
infants

A

adults: 12 to 20
children: 15 to 30
infants: 30 to 60

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4
Q

Most people breathe due to the ___ dive. However, some people with chronic lung diseases breathe with the ___ drive instead

A

carbonic
hypoxic

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5
Q

What is hypoxia?

A

Condition where body’s cells does not get enough oxygen

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6
Q

Define atelectasis

A

gas exchange between alveoli and pulmonary capillaries is obstructed by fluid/infection/collapse

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7
Q

Croup is caused by inflammation of the ___,___,and____.
Lung sounds include ___ as well as a ___cough

A

pharynx, larynx, and trachea
stridor, seal-bark cough

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8
Q

When assessing a child for RSV and pertussis, look for signs of …

A

dehydration

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9
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of TB? What sort of PPE should be donned?

A

fever, coughing, fatigue, night sweat, weight loss, SOB, blood sputum, chest pain
N-95, gloves, eye protection on EMT. Surgical mask on pt

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10
Q

What causes pulmonary edema? What are some risk factors? What lung sounds accompany it?

A

Heart incapable of removing blood from lung as fast as right side delivers it. Fluid accumulates between alveoli and pulmonary capillaries.

risks: hypertension, coronary artery disease/atrial fibrillation, inhaling toxic fumes

crackles

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11
Q

What is emphysema?

A

Type of COPD where elasticity of alveoli is lost.

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12
Q

COPD may differ from Congestive heart failure due to differences in lung sounds. What are they?

A

COPD: Rhonchi, wheezing
CHF: crackles, wheezing

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13
Q

TorF chronic bronchitis, CHF, and emphysema all present with sputum/mucus.

A

False, CHF and Bronchitis both present with sputum. CHF is pink, frothy and Bronchitis is mucus
Emphysema n/a

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14
Q

Describe the effects of anaphylaxis on:
lungs
heart
blood vessels
skin

A

lungs: bronchospasm, vasoconstriction
heart: decreased output, decreased coronary flow
blood vessels: vasodilation,leakiness
skin: pruritus, urticaria, edema

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15
Q

During hyperventilation, the body is trying to compensate for ____

A

acidosis, the buildup of excess acid in body

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16
Q

Adequate breathing is assessed by the ___, ____, and ____ of respirations

A

rate, rhythm, quality

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17
Q

Describe some of the diseases associated with:
wheezes
rhonchi
crackles
stridor

A

wheezes: asthma, COPD, CHF, Pulmonary edema, Pneumonia, Anaphylaxis
Rhonchi: COPD, Pneumonia, Bronchitis
Crackles: CHF/pulmonary edema, Pneumonia
Stridor: croup epiglottitis

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18
Q

A pt with COPD should be supplied O2 via NRB at ___ L/min

A

15

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19
Q

The stimulus that originates in the SA node comes from the ____ nervous system

A

autonomic

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20
Q

The right and left iliac arteries supply blood to the

A

groin, pelvis, legs

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21
Q

What is cardiac output and how is it calculated?

A

the volume of blood that passes through the heart in one minute
heart rate x stroke volume=CO

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22
Q

What is angina pectoris? How is it often described?

A

The heart not receiving enough oxygen for a brief time
need for O2 exceeds supply
“crushing or squeezing”

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23
Q

What is an AMI? How does it differ from angina?

A

Death of cells in myocardium
different because: it may not be caused by exertion, lasts for 30 minutes to hours, can be relieved with nitroglycerin

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24
Q

Hypertension is defined as an SBP above ___ and DBP above ___

A

130
80

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25
Q

Compare an AMI to a dissecting aneurysm. Onset? Pain? Pulses?

A

AMI is a gradual onset, that may increase or wane. The pain is described as a tightness or pressure. The peripheral pulses are equal and there is rarely any back pain.

Dissecting aneurysm is an abrupt onset w maximal pain from the beginning. There is a BP discrepancy between arms and the pain is described as sharp or tearing.

26
Q

Nitroglycerin can only be administered if SBP is above ___

A

120

27
Q

Ischemic strokes occur when ___ while hemorrhagic occur when ___

A

blood flow to brain is blocked, which can be due to thrombosis, an embolus, or atherosclerosis
A blood vessel ruptures and causes increased pressure to the brain

28
Q

When asking a patient what day it is, they respond by saying “green.” what is this an example of?

A

aphasia

29
Q

Seizures that last more than five minutes are at risk for progressing to ____

A

status epilepticus

30
Q

What is hemiparesis?

A

Weakness on one side of the body

31
Q

The three neurologic tests that should be performed on a pt with stroke are :
It is also helpful to note the patient’s:

A

speech, facial movement, arm movement.
balance and vision changes

32
Q

Peritonitis can be caused by…

A

foreign material irritating the abdominal space. ex. blood, pus, bile, amniotic fluid

33
Q

Peritonitis may result in ileus, which is characterized by…

A

paralyzed intestinal muscles which may cause abdominal distention.
symptoms include vomiting, abd distention, nausea

34
Q

patients with diverticulitis, cholecystitis, and a ruptured appendix (not just infected), may all present with

A

fever

35
Q

Match the condition to the area where a pt my experience pain

appendicitis
cholecystitis
diverticulitis
Aortic aneurysm
kidney stone
Pancreatitis

A

appendicitis: RLQ
cholecystitis: RUQ
diverticulitis: LLQ
Aortic aneurysm: Low part of back + lower quadrants
kidney stone: right or left flank
Pancreatitis: Both UQ, back

36
Q

What is melena?

A

Bloody stool

37
Q

Bleeding in the lower GI tract often has stools that are what color? What condition most often results in lower GI bleeding?

A

bright red/maroon
Diverticulitis

38
Q

If a pt has hyperglycemia , they have ____ insulin

A

low

39
Q

Compare skin presentation in hyperglcemia to hypoglycemia

A

hyper: warm and dry
Hypo: pale, cool, moist

40
Q

____ often presents with intense thirst, hunger, and vomiting, while ____ does not

A

Hyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia does not

41
Q

Kussmaul respirations and sweet, fruity breath odor are associated with ____

A

DKA/Hyperglycemia

42
Q

SLUDGEM stands for ____, and is used for ___ agents

A

Salivation, Lacrimation, Urintation, Defecation, GI distress, Emesis, Muscle cramps
cholinergic/nerve

43
Q

For companies that often use chemical agents, a ___ sheet may be obtained and given to hospital during standoff

A

MSDS

44
Q

TorF: An O/NPA and BVm should be placed before administering naloxone

A

True

45
Q

“hot as a hare, blind as a bat, dry as a bone, red as a beet, and mad as a hatter” is a saying that refers to the signs and symptoms for pts who have taken ____, which block the parasympathetic nerves

A

anticholinergic agents

46
Q

The patient has a loss of consciousness on the way to the hospital. When you check, you cannot feel a pulse. What should you do?
A. Tell your partner to drive faster as you begin CPR on the patient.
B. Immediately apply the AED and wait for it to analyze the rhythm before taking any other action.
C. Have your partner pull over the ambulance and come back to help you with CPR and the AED.
D. Begin CPR and after 2 minutes stop to apply the AED while your partner continues driving to the hospita

A

C. Have your partner pull over the ambulance and come back to help you with CPR and the AED.

47
Q

This patient appears to be suffering from a stroke and a seizure. What condition mimics a stroke and also causes a seizure?
A. Meningitis
B. Postictal state
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Migraine headache

A

C. Hypoglycemia

48
Q

What is the name of the condition when the patient forgets about the injured side after a stroke?
A. Hemiparesis
B. Neglect
C. Aphasia
D. Ataxia

A

B. Neglect

49
Q

When the concentration of glucose drops in the blood, the body will release _______, a hormone that will assist other organs in
the process of converting stored sugars into usable sugars.
A. insulin
B. epinephrine
C. glucagon
D. dopamine

A

C. glucagon

50
Q

You are working a detail for the women’s state volleyball championship at the local university gym when you are dispatched to the
visiting team locker room for a player who is feeling weak and dizzy. You are met at the locker room door by the coach who points to a
young woman lying supine on a bench. The coach informs you that the player has a history of diabetes and takes insulin on a regular
basis. As you approach the patient, you run through some of the information that you know about diabetes
What other sudden onset signs and symptoms may your patient exhibit?
A. A slow, bounding pulse
B. Rapid, deep respirations
C. Nausea and vomiting
D. Pale, moist skin

A

D. Pale, moist skin

51
Q

Your partner indicates that he heard wheezes in all lung fields. What did he hear?
A. A high-pitched whistling sound caused by bronchoconstriction
B. A coarse, low-pitched breath sound heard in patients with chronic mucus in the upper airways
C. A high-pitched noise heard primarily on inspiration
D. Crackling, moist breath sounds

A

A. A high-pitched whistling sound caused by bronchoconstriction

52
Q

It is midmorning on a bright and sunny autumn day and your unit is dispatched to a park on East 14th Street for an unknown medical
emergency. As you arrive, you see three middle-aged men sitting on a park bench. A police officer is on scene and tells you it is safe to
approach. You notice one of the men appears to be looking straight up. The man next to him grabs his head and repositions it so he
is facing forward. You can see the man is not moving or breathing. While your partner opens the airway bag, you and the police officer
move the patient from the park bench onto the ambulance cot. Once the patient is positioned, your partner begins assisting the man’s
respirations.
1. As you load the patient into the ambulance, what should you do to assist your partner?
A. Prepare an IV setup.
B. Place the patient on the cardiac monitor.
C. Begin a detailed assessment.
D. Take vital signs

A

D. Take vital signs

53
Q

As you assess the patient, you notice he has pinpoint pupils. You suspect a drug overdose. What drug is the likely cause of this
phenomenon?
A. Cocaine
B. Methamphetamine
C. Heroin
D. Alcohol

A

C. Heroin

54
Q

. What is the duration of action of naloxone?
A. 30 minutes to 9 hours
B. 30 minutes to 7 hours
C. 30 minutes to 5 hours
D. 30 minutes to 1 hour

A

D. 30 minutes to 1 hour

55
Q

Which of the following points given by the neighbor is the most important to your care?
A. He got back from Afghanistan about 6 months ago.
B. He was in the Army but was medically discharged.
C. His wife said he has had constant angry outbursts.
D. She threw him out of the house a few weeks ago

A

C. His wife said he has had constant angry outbursts.

56
Q

The husband arrives and is very upset that you are considering transport. What is the best thing you can do?
A. Call for police backup.
B. Inform him his wife has a potentially life-threatening condition.
C. Ignore him because the patient gave you legal consent.
D. Obtain online medical consultation for assistance

A

B. Inform him his wife has a potentially life-threatening condition.

57
Q

What is your most important treatment option for a suspected ectopic pregnancy?
A. Low-flow oxygen
B. Psychological support
C. Transport to the hospital
D. Supine positionin

A

C. Transport to the hospital

58
Q

Describe the classic signs and symptoms of diverticulitis

A

fever, vomiting, chills, nausea
abdominal pain that tends to be on LLQ

59
Q

Describe the classic signs and symptoms of cholecystitis

A

inflammation of gallbladder
pain in RUQ or mid abdominal region

60
Q

Describe the classic signs and symptoms of peptic ulcers

A

burning/gnawing pain that subsides for two to three hours after eating
nausea, vomiting, belching, and heartburn

61
Q

Describe the classic signs and symptoms of mallory weiss tear

A

risk factors: alcoholism and EDs
violent coughing or vomiting due to a tear between esophagus and stomach

62
Q

Describe the classic signs and symptoms of esophageal varices

A

risk factors: alcoholism
signs of liver disease, then sudden onset discomfort, difficulty swallowing, hematemesis, and hypotension

LMS Modules Auraprep (36 decks)

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