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Health and Welness > Chapter 16 - Injuries > Flashcards

Chapter 16 - Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Injuries are accidents that could have been avoided.

A

Unintentional injuries

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2
Q

What are the number one cause of unintentional injuries for all age groups in the US?

A

Motorcycles

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3
Q

The highest number of motor vehicle deaths occurs for which age group? Who is at even greater risk?

A

16-19, 75 yrs and older

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4
Q

What gender is most likely to be killed than the other?

A

Men are more likely than women

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5
Q

What contributes to motor vehicle crashes?

A
  • speeding
  • running red lights
  • tailgating
  • making illegal turns
  • changing lanes without signaling
  • texting while driving
  • intoxication
  • driver inattention
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6
Q

True or False?

A

18-22 text and drive. It is not actually the phone that leads to inattention and accidents but the focus placed on the conversation rather than the driving. Hands-free or even having a conversation with someone in the car can be a distraction. The difference is that the passenger in the vehicle with you can tell when you need to focus more, and the person on the phone cannot.

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7
Q

Usually associated with violence; although account for fewer deaths than unintentional injuries, they also take a toll on individuals every year, physically, psychologically, and materially.

A

Intentional injuries

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8
Q

Not considered unintentional injuries, because this implies that the injury is a chance occurrence or an unpreventable mishap over which individuals have no control.

A

Accident

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9
Q

What gender is twice as likely to be intoxicated when involved in fatal vehicle crashes? Rates are higher for what ethnicity?

A

Males, white men

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10
Q

Environmental hazards that can cause vehicle crashes when combined with human error:

A
  • ice
  • snow
  • wind
  • construction zones
  • poor visibility
  • broken down cars
  • drunk drivers
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11
Q

What is being done to prevent injuries and deaths from motor vehicle accidents?

A
  • seat belt laws
  • car seats
  • pet restraints
  • air bags
  • signals that detect proximity to other vehicles
  • breathalyzers in cars
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12
Q

How do we aid in pedestrian and bicycle safety?

A
  • crosswalks
  • sidewalks
  • helmets
  • bike lanes
  • reflective clothing
  • LED lights to lighten walking areas
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13
Q

What cause pedestrian injury or death?

A
  • using electronics while walking
  • not using crosswalks
  • inattention from driver
  • pedestrian walking signs
  • pedestrian cross walks for intersections
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14
Q

More than half of these victims are White males. Because they are the ones frunk on boats. Nearly 70% of boating-related deaths are due to this.

A

Drowning

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15
Q

How can we improve water safety?

A
  • life jackets
  • stay close to shore
  • life boats
  • don’t be intoxicated
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16
Q

What are the most common injuries that happen at home? Most common injury seen in ER for both children and older adults.

A

Falls

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17
Q

Fires in the home are associated with what?

A
  • smoking (especially in bed)
  • cooking
  • fireplaces
  • electric wiring and cords
  • appliances (electric heaters)
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18
Q

How can we prevent fire injuries and deaths?

A
  • smoke detectors
  • fire extinguishers
  • make sure you know how to use appliances or anything that requires fire or electricity
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19
Q

Who are the most vulnerable to accidental poisoning in the home?

A

Children

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20
Q

The most common cause of poisoning in children is ingestion of what? Include cleaning products, furniture polishes, insecticides and herbicides, products containing lye or acids, and petroleum based substances like lighter fluid, and over-the-counter medications can also be poisonous. Carbon monoxide as well.

A

Household products

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21
Q

Death rates for choking are highest among who?

A

Children under 4 and adults over 65

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22
Q

Most choking emergencies occur when a piece of food or a swallowed object becomes lodged in the throat, blocking the tracheal opening and cutting oxygen supply to the lungs. Children are at risk for choking on small objects they put in their mouths or accidentally ingest, such as a toy or balloon. Children can also choke on what other small and hard foods?

A
  • raw carrots
  • hard candies
  • popcorn
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23
Q

Also referred to as abdominal thrusts is used to dislodge an object blocking the airway of a person who is choking. A rescue technique.

A

Heimlich maneuver

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24
Q

Temperatures inside vehicles can quickly reach dangerous levels. On average, 36 children die of hyperthermia in vehicles each year. These children may be neglected, involve situation of alcohol or drugs, unintentionally left by an adult. The rate of these death have increased since the 90’s. Some people blame car seat laws, saying that children are less visible and more easily forgotten in the back seat. These death can even happen at outdoor temps of 70 degrees. Excessive cold is dangerous and can lead to hypothermia.

A

Vehicular Heat Stroke

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25
Q

Ways to prevent vehicular heat stroke of child?

A
  • place stuffed animal in front seat as a reminder
  • placing needed objects in back seat (purse)
  • ultrasonic rear seat sensors
26
Q

Exposure can damage hearing and lead to permanent hearing loss. Some is inevitable due to age. Destroys hair cells at the nerve endings in the inner ear that translate sound vibrations into electrical currents going to the brain. Examples are power tools, machinery, traffic, airplanes, construction, loud music, and concerts.

A

Excessive noise

27
Q

Used when someone is not breathing and a pulse cannot be found. It consists of mouth to mouth resuscitation to restore breathing and chest compression to restore heartbeat.

A

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

28
Q

Injuries to soft tissue that can occur when motions and tasks are repeatedly performed in ergonomically incorrect ways.

A

repetitive strain injuries

29
Q

Compression of the median nerve in the wrist caused by certain repetitive uses of the hands can be caused by computer work, video game playing, and texting. The median nerve located inside a “tunnel” created by the carpals (wrist bones) and tendons in the hand. When the tendons become inflamed through overuse or incorrect use, they compress the median nerve. The symptoms are numbness, tingling, pain, and weakness in the hand, especially in the thumb and first three fingers. Symptoms are usually worse at night.

A

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

30
Q

Male workers over what age are at highest risk of fatal injury on the job?

A

65

31
Q

Male workers between what ages are at highest risk on non-fatal injury?

A

25-35

32
Q

What work-related injuries are the most common? From improper lifting or heavy backpack.

A

Back injuries

33
Q

Factors contributing to back pain:

A
  • obesity
  • stress
  • poor posture
  • poor physical fitness
  • extensive computer use
34
Q

Leads to strain on the neck, back, arms, hands, and eyes. Can lead to pinched nerves, inflamed tendons, or headaches.

A

Extensive computer use

35
Q

Defined as a sudden event resulting in loss of life, severe, injury, or property damage. Can be caused by humans, as in the case of terrorist attacks, or by natural forces, such as tornadoes, hurricanes, floods, wildfires, and earthquakes.

A

Disasters

36
Q

How can we protect ourselves from natural disasters?

A
  • go to international aid organizations ( provide assistant and provide medical assistance for people in need)
  • preparation ( head for cover and use form of protection)
  • watch weather for updated info
  • stay updated on current events
  • research info on how to react during emergencies
  • set up automated messages for warnings
37
Q

Defined as the use of force or the threat of force to inflict intentional injury, physical or psychological, on yourself or another person. Examples are murder, assault, and robbery.

A

Violence

38
Q

What has been done to improve dangerous situations on college campuses?

A
  • improved communication with students and faculty during emergencies
  • campus alert notifications
39
Q

Any action taken or situation created intentionally, whether on or off fraternity premises, to produce mental or physical discomfort, embarrassment, or ridicule. Include kidnapping, alcohol chugging, forced swallowing of food and nonfood items, sleep deprivation beatings, and calisthenics to the point of exhaustion. Deaths have occurred as a result of this, most often from fraternities and common cause is alcohol poisoning.

A

Hazing

40
Q

Hazing prevention efforts:

A
  • zero tolerance policies
  • educate about hazing dangers
  • programs to confront campus hazing culture
41
Q

Verbal, written, or symbolic acts that convey a grossly negative view of particular persons or groups based on their gender, ethnicity, race, religion, sexual orientation, or disability.

A

Hate speech

42
Q

Include sexual assault, sexual coercion, stalking, and rape.

A

Sexual Violence

43
Q

Any sexual behavior that is forced on someone without his or her consent. Victim is made to feel uncomfortable and intimidated; at the worst he or she is physically and emotionally harmed. Includes rape, forced sodomy (forced oral or anal acts), child molestation, incest, fondling, and attempts to commit any of these acts. This happens ever 92 seconds. College students sometimes prefer to call it “unwanted sex” instead because the victim is often acquainted with her assailant.

A

Sexual assault

44
Q

Over 50% of all assaults on college campuses, the victims are who?

A

Freshman

45
Q

Defined as imposing sexual activity on someone through the threat of nonphysical punishment, promise of reward, or verbal pressure rather than through force or threat of force.

A

sexual coercion

46
Q

A term drawn from a campus sexual assault violence prevention program, is the period of time at college when female students are at greatest risk of sexual assault. Counseling centers, student affairs offices, and public safety centers at colleges and universities use web-based and print media to warn female students about this. The zone includes the first few days or weeks of the initial fall semester as female students transition from the security of their parents’ home to a less restrictive lifestyle on campus, which often includes binge drinking. For second-year females, the zone encompasses the entire first semester, when many make the move from campus housing to sororities or off-campus apartments.

A

The Red Zone

47
Q

Safety tips for college students for red zone years:

A
  • trust your instincts
  • make sure you feel comfortable in your environment
  • lock doors and don’t let strangers in
  • buddy system
  • stay in public areas
  • drink in safe environment in which you trust
48
Q

Public Health and what do campuses do if someone has committed sexual assault:

A
  • punish abuser
  • campus tribunals
  • awareness programs
  • reduce proximity of each individual ( making sure each individual doesn’t have contact with each other while on campus)
  • safety accommodations to keep victim safe
49
Q

What colleges can’t do for victims of sexual assault:

A
  • unable to punish assailant by law
  • do not have penalties for an accuser who intentionally brings false charges
  • unable to balance in protecting survivor
  • unable to maintain fair due process tribunal hearing
50
Q

Rape prevention efforts:

A
  • create environment where sexual violence is not tolerated or encouraged
  • awareness programs
  • being aware of surroundings
  • train community to address social and cultural norms
51
Q

True or False?
People often know their stalker and is often a former partner or boyfriend who wants to control or intimidate the victim.

A

True

52
Q

Behavior in which a person in authority offers benefits for sexual favors or threatens retaliation if sexual favors are withheld; or sexually oriented behavior that creates an intimidating or hostile environment that interferes with a person’s work or academic performance. #MeToo movement has had a significant impact in confronting this on college campuses.

A

Sexual harassment

53
Q

Difference between sexual harassment and flirting depends on the following factors:

A
  • whether the behavior is by someone who has power over the offended person that limits his or her ability to object for fear of reprisal
  • whether the behavior puts pressure on the offended person
  • whether the offended person wants to end the interaction
54
Q

Defined as abuse by a person against his or her partner in an intimate relationship. Includes the intentional use of fear and humiliation to control another person. Four types are physical, sexual, emotional, and threats. Typically follows a cycle of abuse sometimes called battered woman syndrome. Tensions builds up in a relationship until there is a violent outburst followed by a “honeymoon” period in which the abuser is apologetic and nonviolent. Often begs the partner for forgiveness and promises it will never happen again. But then the cycle repeats. Men who batter mostly likely use drugs and alcohol, suffer from mental illness and financial problems. Women who are battered eventually leave the relationships but they may make several attempts before succeeding. The AMA has stated that the home is more dangerous for women than city streets.

A

Domestic Violence

55
Q

Sources to help others or self with intimate partner violence:

A
  • continue contact with friends and family for support
  • social service agencies
  • educational programs
  • hotlines
  • shelters
  • advocacy organizations
  • informational books and packets
56
Q

A form of violence directed against people or property, including civilian populations, for the purpose of instilling fear and engendering a sense of helplessness.

A

Terrorism

57
Q

What is the second leading cause of death for US children and teenagers? Black children and teenagers are more likely than white children and teens of the same ag to die from this.

A

Guns

58
Q

A raised threshold for reaction to violence and a loss of compassion. Repeated exposure to violence from media, movies, TV, and video games can lead to habituation or other known as this. Also, feeds the appetite for more intense violence.

A

desensitization

59
Q

How can we prevent gun violence?

A
  • regulate gun sales
  • do computerized background checks on persons seeking to buy guns
  • promote gun licenses
  • promote restrictions on access to guns
  • include waiting period for gun purchases
60
Q

How can we keep ourselves safe?

A
  • self defense products (concealable pepper spray)
  • increase office patrols and cameras on campuses at night
  • messages that send alerts
  • have someone you trust always with you
  • stay in public areas
  • education –> learn what to look out for in sexual assailants and what to do if you are harmed

Health and Welness (20 decks)

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