behaviourist perspective

Question 1

What are the key concepts?

Answer 1

Classical conditioning (pavlov):
Dogs associate the sound of bell with arrival of food because of how pavlov conditioned them, he rang the bell when the food was ready, then salivated at bell only.

Operant conditioning (Bandura):
Reinforcements, punishments, Vicarious reinforcement.

All behaviour is learned from the enviroment/ experiences.

Question 2

What is the application of this perspective?

Answer 2

Therapy:

Phobias are thought to be a result of earlier unpleasent learning experiences. This understanding has helped pychologists develop therapies such as:

• Systematic desensitisation uses classical conditioning to overcome phobia (associate fear with relaxation)

Question 3

Which studies link to this area?

Answer 3

Bandura:
Aggressive behaviour is learned by observing role models.

Chaney:
Positive reinforcement increased adherence through funhaler.

Question 4

Similarities and differences?

Answer 4

Similar: cognitive area (excludes emotional influences)

Different: individual differences area (focuses on experimentation and direct observation)

Question 5

Evaluations?

Answer 5

+ scientific
For example, Bandura controlled variables to show that aggressive models increase aggression.

-Reductionist
Complex behaviours are represented as stimulus- response (funhaler creates pleasure)
fails to consider a range on explaintions for behaviour ( does accpet we live in a social world)