Lecture #3 - Digital Twin and Asset Administration Shell Flashcards
What is industry 4.0
Industry 4.0 conceptualises rapid change to technology, industries, and societal patterns and processes in the 21st century due to increasing interconnectivity and smart automation.
Talk about todays aspects for a digital twin in the context of Industry 4.0 and CPPS
The digital twin (DT) is a set of information models that adequately and use-case specific describe a real twin component, asset or system in terms of:
- Domain-Specific
- Electrical model
- Mechanical model; gearbox
- Software model; state machine
- Economic model; price cost, maintenance cost, productivity cost
What’s the most important parameter? Ratio, which needs to be modelled.
- Connection with the real world twin and keep the DT up to date
- We do this through the parameters
- Bidirectional -> (live); what is a live connection in a technical system; MATTERS on how often the system changes.
- Real-time depends on scenario
- Role-Specific
- Parts of DT are connected to roles; ME use mechanical information, MechE uses information of both.
Give an example of a DT instance
A single product, system or machine is represented by a dedicated instance of the DC
Engine and DT of engine; the gears
Talk about the aggregated sum of all DT instances -> The “Super Digital Twin”
Robot example; We need to ask ourselves the questions:
- What is it’s digital twin?
- What is its purpose?
- Who is providing the DT?
- The DT of the E-drive is provided by SEW (manufacturer)
- The DT of Gripper is provided by Schenck (manufacturer)
- These two DT are a part of the DT Industrial robot, which is provided by ABB (system supplier)
Therefore, we have this instance hierarchy.
What does the 2023 Gartner Emerging Technologies and Trends Impact Radar tell us?
That DT has a substantial impact of the technology will have on existing products and markets.
The range is 1 to 3 years that it is estimated to take the tech to cross over from early adopter to early majority adoption.
Explain these following terms in terms of a Digital Twin:
(a) Digital Model
(b) Digital Shadow
(c) Digital Twin
(d) Resilient Digital Twin
(a) Digital Model
You do it; not connected in real time.
(b) Digital Shadow
More or less a database
(c) Digital Twin
Simulate something on real-data.
Control series, controlled on the loop. Not controlling based on data, but has predication model which controls the system in terms of prediction.
Bi-directional real-time flow.
What is state of the art? State of the art is the Administration Shell.
(d) Resilient Digital Twin
Normal and current reality; Detects a clash between what should happen and what happened in reality.
Can be used with the help of AI
What is considered state of the art in CPPS?
The use of the Asset Administration Shell
Name the problem statement described in this lecture.
There exists no single model or modeling language, tool etc. to create a single DT
Describe what Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) is
CIM, is the phrase used to describe the complete automation of a manufacturing plant, with all processes functioning under computer control with digital information tying them together.
- Integration of computers, manufacturing can be faster and less error-prone.
-Relies on closed-loop control processes, based on real-time output from sensors.
What are the problems and solutions of CIM
Problems:
1. An attempt to develop a “world model” from scratch for production via which everything can communicate with everything else -> Manufacturing Automation Protocal
- No existing standards have been involved
- Tried to get rid of all humans in production.
Solution:
1. Acceptance of existing standards and norms
- Acceptance of heterogeneous information models.
- Do not try to build a world model but grape of berries.
Explain the Digital Twin of a Grape
Each berry of a grape, represents one specific standardised information model.
In this granularity, we have standardised information model. This can be a standardised DT, which can talk about the whole grape.
Those very specific Information Models are rising in terms of months, and will have a look at in AAS. This represents the whole graph.
Who is responsible for standardisation in Germany:
- VDE/VDI
- DIN
- ISO
- ZVEI
- NAMAR
All goverened by IDTA -> Industrial Digital Twin Association
Notes:
- Never know when the grape and berries are full; always constant information
- The thing holding the grapes together are the semantics
- “You are a grape but a berry of a bigger system.”
Explain the Digital Twin of a Grape
Each berry of a grape, represents one specific standardised information model.
In this granularity, we have standardised information model. This can be a standardised DT, which can talk about the whole grape.
Those very specific IM are rising in terms of months, and will have a look at in AAS. This represents the whole graph.
Who is responsible for standardisation in Germany:
- VDE/VDI
- DIN
- ISO
- ZVEI
- NAMAR
All governed by IDTA -> Industrial Digital Twin Association
Notes:
- Never know when the grape and berries are full; always constant information
- The thing holding the grapes together are the semantics
- “You are a grape but a berry of a bigger system.”
Define what an Asset Administration Shell is
The Asset Administration Shell is made up of a series of submodels. These represent different aspects of the asset concerned.
For example, they may contain a description relating to safety or security, but could also outline various process capabilities such as drilling or installation.
What’s the aim for AAS?
The aim is for only one submodel to be standardised for each aspect e.g. a nameplate can be standardised.
When talking about the AAS submodel, what does a “digital nameplate” contain and what does it help with?
A nameplate contains identifying, descriptive and indicating information about an asset.
The submodel “Nameplate” helps to standardise the information structure for modelling a nameplate in compliance with EU Machine Directive.
