Pathology I: VII to X

Question 1

Inflammatory arthritis caused by uric acid crystals in and around the joints

Uric acid is a by-product of foods that contain purines (high fat foods)

Not due to wear and tear or autoimmune disorder

Usually affects feet/toes

Answer 1

Gout

Question 2

Bacterial infection spread through the bite of a tick

Early Localized - rash, fever, fatigue, night sweats, stiff neck, swollen lymph nodes

Early Disseminated - cardiovascular symptoms, neurological symptoms, fatigue

Late Stage - inflammation of one or more large joints

Answer 2

Lyme Disease

Question 3

AKA - Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD)

Due to wear and tear

Mainly affects weight bearing joints

Most common arthritis

Answer 3

Osteoarthritis

Question 4

Overuse disorder that can lead to patellar cartilage damage

Caused by tight lateral structures (vastus lateralis, ITB)

Pain under or around the patella

Addressed via tight lateral structures

Answer 4

Patellofemoral Syndrome (PFS)

Question 5

Synovial membranes attacked by your own immune system (autoimmune disease)

Mainly non weight bearing joint (hands, feet)

Symmetrical

Rigorous (stressful) massage during acute stage is not appropriate

Answer 5

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 6

Joint inflammation caused by abacterial infection in join capsule

Can be very serious in a matter of hours

Answer 6

Septic Arthritis

Question 7

Degenerative joint disease (DJD) of the spine

Osteoarthritis of the spine (usually cervical and lumbar)

May be referring to spinal stenosis (narrowing of spinal canal)

Answer 7

Spondylosis

Question 8

Injury/tears to ligaments

More serious and takes longer to heal than strains

Answer 8

Sprains

Question 9

Multitude of problems in and around the jaw (dysfunctional bite, teeth grinding, loose ligaments, stress, clicking, ear pain)

Answer 9

Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMD)

Question 10

Posterior fluid filled extension of the synovial membrane of knee

Protrude into popliteal fossa

Usually painless

Associated with osteo arthritis, RA, meniscus tears

Dangerous if impinging nerves or vessels

Answer 10

Baker Cysts

Question 11

Protrusion at the metatarsal-phalangeal joint of great toe

Laterally deviated big toe

Associate w/ shoes, genetics

Pain is due to bursitis

Answer 11

Bunions (hallux valgus)

Question 12

Inflamed bursa d/t overuse

Answer 12

Bursitis

Question 13

small, flat fluid filled sacs that act as a protective cushion at areas of recurring pressure

Answer 13

Bursa

Question 14

Contracture of the palmar fascia

Idiopathic thickening and shrinking of the palmar fascia

Causes decrease in ROM

Answer 14

Dupuytren Contracture

Question 15

Where osteoarthritis typically begins

Answer 15

Articular Cartilage

Question 16

Synonym for Osteoarthritis

Answer 16

Degenerative Joint Disease

Question 17

Syndrome causing difficulty going downstairs, running downhill, squatting as a result femur pushing down on patella)

Answer 17

Patellofemoral Syndrome (PFS)

Question 18

Small CT pouch filled with fluid that usually forms on joint capsules and tendon sheaths

Usually found on wrist or dorsal surface of food

Answer 18

Ganglion Cysts

Question 19

Protrusion of an organ/part of organ, through the wall of the cavity that usually contains

Answer 19

Hernia

Question 20

Condition involving irritation and inflammation at the tibial tuberosity

Caused by vigorously used quads and rapid bone growth in LE (thus, seen in adolescent athletes)

Answer 20

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

Question 21

Lack of medial, lateral, and transverse arch (poor shock absorption)

Answer 21

Pes Planus

Question 22

High elevation of the longitudinal arch of the foot (heel to toe)

Answer 22

Pes Cavus

Question 23

Pain at the bottom of the foot

Due to overuse/misalignment

Answer 23

Plantar Fasciitis

Question 24

Damage to arterioles which stimulates excessive production of collagen in the skin (hard skin)

Autoimmune disorder

Answer 24

Scleroderma

Question 25

Injury and inflammation in the tendon

Answer 25

Tendonitis

Question 26

Inflammation of the tendon and/or synovial sheath

Answer 26

Tenosynovitis

Question 27

Tenosynovitis of the thumb side of the wrist

Answer 27

De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis

Question 28

Any condition where the head is pulled to one side

Answer 28

Torticollis

Question 29

Combination of injuries due to head whipping forward and backward

Answer 29

Cervical Acceleration/Deceleration Injury (CAD)

Question 30

Abnormally shortened muscle or muscle group

Answer 30

Contractures