Volcanoes

Question 1

Describe how VEI Volcanic Explosivity Index is measured

Answer 1

Volume of ejected material
Height of eruption cloud
Duration of eruption

Question 2

Volcanic hazards

Answer 2

Tephra
Volcanic gases
Volcanic landslides
Pyroclastic flows
Lava flows
Lahars

TVVPLL

Question 3

Benefits of volcanic eruptions & living near volcanoes

Answer 3

GET F
Geothermal energy
Extracting precious minerals and fossil fuels
Tourism
Farming with fertile soil

Question 4

Farming with fertile soil

Answer 4

Volcanic rocks break down, undergo weathering -> fertile soil
High crop yields -> earn more
Save on expenditure of purchasing fertilisers

E.g. In Bali, Java at Mount Agung, a volcano rice grows well… tea, coffee? despite continuous use, Bali soils are more fertile than most non-volcanic areas of Indo

Question 5

Extracting precious minerals and fossil fuels

Answer 5

Magma cool & solidify -> precious minerals i.e. copper, silver, gold
More job opp, mine minerals -> $ income
Govt sell minerals -> revenue -> social services for locals
Ash and sand -> construction

E.g. mount Merapi
Mine volcanic sand for construction

Question 6

Geothermal energy

Answer 6

E.g. Iceland, harness geothermal energy, used to power homes

66% used to heat 90% homes

Question 7

Tourism

Answer 7

In Hawaiian islands, able to generate huge revenues
Annual income abt US $88 million
Thousands of jobs for locals

Pompeii… 2.5 million visitors annually

Scenic beauty, activities (hiking…)