Immune System (22)

Question 1

Define antibody.

Answer 1

IMMUNOGLOBULIN THAT BINDS TO A SPECIFIC ANTIGEN

Question 2

INNATE:

Answer 2

MULTIPLE COMPONENTS THAT PREVENT ENTRY; E.G. SKIN, MUCOSAL MEMBRANES, & NONSPECIFIC INTERNAL DEFENSES (CELLS, CHEMICALS, & PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSES)

Question 3

ADAPTIVE:

Answer 3

LYMPHOCYTES THAT ARE ACTIVATED BY ANTIGEN; E.G. T-LYMPHOCYTES, B-LYMPHOCYTES; TAKES LONGER TO RESPOND

Question 4

What are 3 antigen-presenting cells?

Answer 4

dendritic cells, B-lymphocytes, macrophages

Question 5

Which receptors/molecules are embedded in the plasma membrane of cytotoxic T-cells?

Answer 5

T-cell receptor; CD8

Question 6

Which receptors/molecules are embedded in the plasma membrane of helper T-cells?

Answer 6

t-cell receptor; CD4

Question 7

Which receptors/molecules are embedded in the plasma membrane of B-cells?

Answer 7

B-cell receptor

Question 8

MHC class 1 is found on which cell type(s)?

Answer 8

NUCLEATED CELLS

Question 9

MHC class 2 is found on which cell type(s)?

Answer 9

ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS (MACROPHAGES, DENDRITIC CELLS, ETC.)

Question 10

MHC class 1 presents antigens to which immune cell?

Answer 10

CYTOTOXIC T-CELL (CD8)

Question 11

MHC class 2 presents antigens to which immune cell?

Answer 11

T-HELPER CELL (CD4)

Question 12

What is an endogenous antigen?

Answer 12

INFECTED CELLS THAT WILL PRODUCE ANTIBODIES TO PRESENT ITS SICKNESS

Question 13

What cell presents an endogenous antigen?

Answer 13

ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS
(MACROPHAGES & DENDRITIC CELLS)

Question 14

What MHC class molecule are endogenous antigens presented on?

Answer 14

MHC I

Question 15

What cell is an endogenous antigen presented to?

Answer 15

CD8 (CYTOTOXIC T CELLS)

Question 16

What is an exogenous antigen?

Answer 16

CELL IS NOT INFECTED; IT TAKES ANTIGENS FROM OUTSIDE OF CELL

Question 17

What cell presents an exogenous antigen?

Answer 17

DENDRITIC CELLS, MACROPHAGES, & B-CELLS

Question 18

What MHC class molecule are exogenous antigens presented on?

Answer 18

MHC II

Question 19

What cell is an exogenous antigen presented to?

Answer 19

CD4 (HELPER T CELLS)

Question 20

Describe antibodies.

Answer 20

Y-SHAPED PROTEINS THAT FIND & NEUTRALIZE FOREIGN ANTIGENS.

Question 21

What cell produces antibodies?

Answer 21

PLASMA CELLS (ACTIVATED B LYMPHOCYTES)

Question 22

VARIABLE REGION:

Answer 22

TIP OF Y SHAPE, UNIQUE TO EACH ANTIBODY; BINDS TO A SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; ALLOWS
DIVERSITY FOR FINDING ANTIGENS

Question 23

CONSTANT REGION:

Answer 23

STEM OF Y & IS THE SAME ON ALL ANTIBODIES; DETERMINES
ANTIBODY’S CLASS & EFFECTOR FUNCTIONS

Question 24

IgG:

Answer 24

COMMON; IN LYMPH, CSF, SEROUS FLUID; PASSIVE
IMMUNITY, CROSSES PLACENTA

Question 25

IgM:

Answer 25

MASSIVE; IN BLOOD; AGGLUTINATION; FIRST & ONLY PRODUCED ANTIBODY IN FETUS

Question 26

IgA:

Answer 26

EXTERNAL SECRETIONS LIKE MUCUS, TEARS, SALIVA, & BREAST MILK; AGGLUTINATION; ASSOCIATED W/MUCOUS MEMBRANES

Question 27

IgD:

Answer 27

ANTIGEN SPECIFIC B-LYMPHOCYTE RECEPTOR

Question 28

IgE:

Answer 28

RELEASED IN ALLERGIC REACTIONS & PARASITIC INFECTIONS; CAUSES RELEASE FROM MAST
CELLS & BASOPHILS, ATTRACTS EOSINOPHILS

Question 29

ACTIVE IMMUNITY:

Answer 29

DIRECT CONTACT W/ANTIGEN; PRODUCES MEMORY CELLS; CAN BE NATURALLY, OR ARTIFICIALLY ACQUIRED THRU VACCINES

Question 30

PASSIVE IMMUNITY:

Answer 30

NO MEMORY CELLS PRODUCED; ACQUIRED FROM ANOTHER PERSON/ANIMAL; CAN BE NATURALLY ACQUIRED (BREAST MILK/PLACENTA), OR ARTIFICIALLY THRU EXPOSURE TO ANIMAL

Question 31

Know the branching order in the respiratory system:

Answer 31

LARYNX, TRACHEA, MEDIASTINUM, R/L MAIN BRONCHUS, R/L LOBAR BRONCHUS, R/L SEGMENTAL BRONCHUS, & SMALLER BRONCHI.