Chapter 3 Flashcards
What are occupations?
They are fundamental to human survival and to the development of self and society
They are shaped by the environment, and human occupational activities in turn shape and transform the environment.
The relationship between occupation and environment is reciprocal and transactional
Describe the sociopolitical context of occupation.
Social and political factors that influence occupation and participation in social life; the relationship between health inequity and occupation; principles of occupational justice, and implications for OT practice.
Social and political forces at the micro, meso, and macro level affect the occupations of individuals and populations.
Sociopolitical influences :generate, configure, and maintain social hierarchies and generate stratification and social class divisions” with
differential access to “power, prestige, and access to resources”
Income, education, occupation, social class, gender, and race or ethnicity determine one’s social position, and consequently one’s culture and identity.
The person-occupation-environment interaction is seamless, and each mutually influences the other.
What is health inequity?
Unjust differences and disparities in health
interventions and outcomes between groups of people
This term captures the idea that differences in health are a consequence of social injustice, political imbalance, and historical
factors.
What are the structural influences on health?
Individual influences are genetics, behaviors, and psychosocial abilities.
Structural influences include the greater sociopolitical context, governance, economy, policy, and cultural values and beliefs.
What are social determinants of health?
The economic and social conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age The U.S. Dept. of Mental and Human Services
identified the following:
* Socioeconomic conditions
* Culture
* Social support
* Social norms and attitudes
* Community resources to support health lifestyles, including recreational opportunities
* Access to education, economic, and employment opportunities and transportation
Describe social stratification and health.
A hierarchical organization that differentially distributes power, privilege, and access to resources and opportunities on the basis of
socioeconomic conditions.
In the U.S., socioeconomic stratification accounts for 60% of health
inequity as follows:
* Behaviors (40%)
* Social circumstances (15%)
* Environment (5%)
Access to health care accounts for only 10% and biology (30%)
Describe the sociopolitical barriers to participation.
Negative social attitudes affect health through social exclusion and barriers to participation that certain individuals and groups experience as restricted access, choices, and opportunities to engage in occupations.
This is relevant to OT because:
* Client-centered practice entails viewing the client holistically as a unqiue occupational being
* People confer their own meaning and purpose on their daily occupational repertoire
* Context matters for occupational participation
What is occupational justice?
Refers to people’s rights to engage in meaningful occupations.
Because occupation is a health determinant, people must be able to partake in daily occupation to optimally support their health and well-being
All people should have the right to access and opportunities to participate in daily occupations.
Occupational and social justice refers to…
The distribution of societal benefits and burdens
Laws and social institutions, policies, and procedures that preserve the liberty, rights, and entitlements of all people
The obligation of social policies and institutions, as well as fellow citizens, to confer the same dignity and fair treatment to all members of society
What is distributive justice?
Equitable distribution of resources and goods in society so that all members share both benefits and burdens.
What are the 5 faces of oppression?
Exploitation
Marginalization
Powerlessness
Violence
Cultural imperialism
What is procedural justice?
Refers to fairness in the methods and procedures used to make decisions.
Procedures are considered fair when they are consistent (applies to all), neutral (not biased against one group or other), ethical (based on principles), based on factual information (accuracy in data or evidence being used), and consider interests of all relevant parties.
What is interactional justice?
Individuals treating each other in a fair and equitable manner that affirms human dignity in all members of a society, regardless of differences
What are the forms of occupational injustice?
Occupational alienation
Occupational deprivation
Organizational marginalization
Occupational imbalance
Occupational apartheid
Multiple forms of injustice
Occupational alienation
Lack of choices and opportunities to experience meaningful and enriching occupations owing to extrinsic factors outside the control of the individual. Alienation is experienced as “disconnectedness, isolation, emptiness, lack of a sense of identity, a limited or confined expression of spirit, or a sense of meaninglessness.”
