Philosophy Flashcards

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1
Q

The Id

A

Fred’s theory that the xx is the instinctive, animalistic part of our minds driven by pleasure of meeting needs. If we are hungry, we eat, if we are horny, we have sex.

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2
Q

valence (in psychology)

A

inherent goodness or badness; positive/negative qualities of an object/person/situation

positive xx vs negative xx

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3
Q

positivist ontology

A

the world is external and there is only one objective reality

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4
Q

Moore’s Law

A

Gordan Moore in 1965 made a prediction that the power of computers (technically transistors) would double every 2 years

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5
Q

The shadow

A

Jung’s theory of an unknown and unscious side of the human mind. Similar to the Id from Freud.

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6
Q

zero-sum game

A

It’s impossible for someone to advance their position without the other person losing out. There is a finite amount of pie to be distributed.

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7
Q

Why did Structuralism fade?

A

It was too subjective.

If you ask everyone what their thoughts and experiences are you will get many different answers.

It was difficult to come up with a single theory for consciousness this way.

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8
Q

what did David Hume believe

A

human knowledge is derived from experience, not from rationality 

ethics are based on emotions rather than moral principals

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9
Q

who is sisyphus

A

character in greek mythology who is condemned to push a rock up a mountain over and over

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10
Q

Immanuel Kant nationality and dates

A

German
1724-1804

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11
Q

Jeremy Bentham was a (nationality) philosopher who advocated …

A

British philosopher and economist who advocated utilitarianism

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12
Q

Utilitarianism

A

Greatest good for the greatest number of people

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13
Q

Rule Utilitarianism

A

supports rules that on balance produce the greatest pleasure for society in the long term

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14
Q

Structuralism

A

theory that conscious experience could be understood by analyzing thoughts and sensations

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15
Q

Superego

A

Freud’s third aspect of the human mind. This part of us tells us how we should aspire to act, to know what is right and wrong, rather than just acceptable (ego).

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16
Q

Tautology

A

In logic - stating an assertertion that is always true. E.g. ‘The ball is all green or it is not all green’ . This statement is always true.

Unnecessary repetition. E.g. ‘Creative music’