Chpt. 4 _ Dieases & Disorders Of The Skin

Question 1

Explain why knowledge of diseases and disorders is valuable for an esthetician.

Answer 1

• Recognizing a potential contagious skin disorder can stop the spread of infection
• You will help individuals that have skin problems and have been affected emotionally by dealing with such a visible problem.
• Learning when to stop a service and refer a client to a medical professional mall save their life.
• Recognizing a common medical condition can help you work with clients more effectively and safely.
• Estheticians can provide client education and help clients with many of their skin concerns.

Question 2

Describe How an Esthetician and a Dermatologist Can Work Collaboratively.

Answer 2

• Estheticians can work as members of a dermatology team to provide skincare treatments that will help to alleviate many of the symptoms of diagnosed diseases and disorders. Estheticians may not diagnose disorders and diseases of the skin. Dermatologist, physicians, and nurse practitioners are qualified to diagnose skin problems.

Question 3

Identify the differences between primary, secondary, and tertiary skin lesions

Answer 3

Primary: Lesions in the initial stages of development or change; characterized by flat nonpalpable changes in skin color or by elevations formed by fluid in a cavity, such as vesicles or pustules.

Secondary: Lesions characterized by piles of material on the skin surface, such as a crust or scape, or by depressions in the skin surface, such as a ulcer.

Tertiary: third type of lesions, vascular lesions. Vascular lesions involve the blood or circulatory system.

Question 4

Recognize skin changes that could indicate a type of skin cancer.

Answer 4

Basal Cell Carcinoma: Most common and least severe type of skin cancer; appears as light, pearly nodules; characterized include sores, reddish patches, or a smooth growth with an elevated border.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma: More serious; characterized by scaly, red or pink populous or nodules; appear as open sores or crusty areas; can grow and spend in the body.

Malignant Melanoma: most serious; can spread quickly; black or dark patches on the skin are usually uneven in texture, jagged, or raised; Meis have surface crust or bleed.

Question 5

Melanoma; ABCDEs of Melanoma Detection

Answer 5

• Intense uv exposure may increase the risk for melanoma more
than chronic continuous exposure does. A tendency to burn with sun exposure will be more susceptible to skin cancer.

A: Asymmetry - both sides of the lesion are not identical.
B: Border - border is irregular on these lesions.
C: Color - melanomas are usually dark and have more than one color or colors that fade into one another.
D: Diameter - lesions in a melanoma is usually at least the size of a pencil eraser.
E: Evolving - melanoma as a lesion often changes appearance.

Question 6

Describe the Types of Acne

Answer 6

• Acne is characterized by excess sebum production.
• Papule’s are red, inflamed lesions caused by this process. Papule’s may become more infected and pas develops.
• Pustules are filled with fluid from the dead white blood cells that fought the infection.
• Cysts are nodules made up of deep pocket infection. Skin forms hardened tissue around the infection to stop the spread of bacteria, which can lead to both depressed and raised scars from damage to dermal tissue.

Question 7

Cause of Clogged follicles

Answer 7

• Caused by many factors, including excess oil retention hyperkeratosis, and sebaceous filaments. Another reason is that the opening, or ostium of the follicle may be to small to let impactions out.

Question 8

Comedo - Comedones

Answer 8

• Comedo - Comedones, a non inflamed buildup of cells, sebum, and other debris inside collides.
- An open comedo is a blackhead open at the surface and exposed to air. it forms when a follicle is filled with excess oil.
- A closed comedo is referred to as a white head and it forms when the opening of the follicles are blocked with debris and white cells.

Question 9

Sebaceous Filaments

Answer 9

Mainly small, solidified impactions of oil without the cell matter. They are often found on the nose.

Question 10

Milia

Answer 10

Small epidermal cysts that appear as firm white papules. They are whitish, pearl-like masses of sebum and dead cells under the skin with no visible opening. They are more common in dry skin types and may form after skin trauma. Milia are usually found around the eyes, cheeks, and forehead. Milia can be caused by blocked follicular openings from oil-based moisturizers. Newborns can sometimes get milia at birth or shortly thereafter.

Malia can be treated in the salon or spa.

Question 11

Retention Hyperkeratosis

Answer 11

A hereditary factor in which dead skin cells build up because they do not shed from the follicles as they do on normal skin.

Question 12

Sebaceous Hyperplasia

Answer 12

Involves benign lesions frequently seen in oilier areas of the face. They are after white, yellow, or flesh-colored. Sebaceous hyperplasia is described as doughnut-shaped with an indentation in the center.

Question 13

Seborrhea

Answer 13

A severe oiliness of the skin; an abnormal secretion from the sebaceous glands. When it is in the scalp. it is called dandruff or seborrheic dermatitis, but it can occur around the eyebrows, behind the ears, and around the nose or other areas of the face.

Question 14

Grades of Acne

Answer 14

Grade l - Minor breakouts, mostly open comedones, some closed comedones, and a few papules; is mild - and usually treated with over-the-counter skin care.

Grade ll - Many closed comedones, more open comedones, and occasional papules and pustules.

Grade Ill - Red and inflamed; many comedones, papules, and pustules.

Grade lV - Cystic acne; cysts with comedones, papules, pustules, and inflammation; scar formation from tissue damage is common. Has progressed to consistent breakouts and deep cysts that require medical intervention.

Question 15

Acne Triggers

Answer 15

Genetics - If acne is a familial disorder, your client’s acne will be influenced by that DNA.

Hormones - the androgen fluctuations during puberty, monthly menstrual cycle, hormone surges, pregnancy, and perimenspause contribute to oil production changes that can bring on comedones, papules, and pustules.

Environment - working in an environment with poor air quality, pollutants or comedogenic exposurecan increase theinflammatory response of the sebaceous glands.dramatic climate changes- including changing seasons, humidity, and temperature- influence oil production.

Lifestyle - stress can simulate the adrenal gland to produce more hormones, which leads to more oil production. Adrenal glands that are constantly excreting adrenalin to keep up with the pace of an overly active lifestyle can create a hormonalimbalance that can affect the skin. Pressure or friction that routinely touches the face can transfer bacteria to the face and induce a breakout.

Cosmetics and Skin Care Products - certain ingredients in products can aggravate acne. Fatty ingredients such us waxes and some oils can clog or irritate follicles.

Diet - foods with a higher glucose index, processed foods, foods with heavy iodide content, and dairy are thought to be contributors to acne.

Question 16

Describe the Symptoms of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

Answer 16

A hormonal condition that affects one in 20 women in their child bearing years, believed to be a genetic component.

Symptoms
- Excessive body hair growth
- Weight changes and trouble losing weight
- Ovarian cysts
- Low sex drive
- Irregular or missed periods
- Male pattern baldness thinning hair
- High testosterone levels
- Insulin resistance
- Fatigue
- Acne
- Mood changes
- Trouble conceiving or infertility

Question 17

Rosacea

Answer 17

Vascular disorderwith multiple causes that are not completely understood.
Spicy foods, alcohol, caffeine, temperature extremes, heat, sun, and stress aggravates rosacea symptoms.

Question 18

Telangiectasia

Answer 18

Visible capillaries, 0.5 to 1.0 mm in diameter that are commonly found on the face.

Question 19

Varicose Veins

Answer 19

Visible vascularity thatare abnormally dilatedand twisted veins that can occur anywhere on the body (often on the legs). Sometimes treatment with sclerotherapy, an injection into the vein with a solution that causes the vein to collapse, can cause smaller vessels to disappear.

Question 20

Pigment orders

Answer 20

Hyperpigmentation - overproduction of pigment
Melasma, Lentigo, Ephelids, Nevus, Poikiloderma of Civatte, Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation, Tan.

Hypopmentation - lack of pigment
Leukoderma, Albinism, Vitiligo, Tinea Versicolor

Question 21

Melasma

Answer 21

Hormonal hyperpigmentation disorder that first appears during pregnancy or with the use of birth control bills. Identifiable pattern of solid fairly symmetrical hyperpigmentation often on the forehead, cheeks, upper lip, and chin. Requires management; there’s no cure.

Question 22

Lentigo

Answer 22

A flat, pigmented area similar to a freckle; small, yellow-brown spots.

Question 23

Ephelids

Answer 23

Known as freckles, tiny round or oval pigmented areas of skin on areas exposed to the sun. Referred to as macules, small flat colored spots on the skin.

Question 24

Nevus

Answer 24

Birthmark, a malformation of the skin from abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries that is present at birth or appears shortly after birth.

Question 25

Poikiloderma of Civate

Answer 25

Skin condition caused by actinic bronzing to the sides of the face and neck. Skin turns reddish- brown hue with a distinct white patch under the chin. Not cancerous.

Question 26

Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation

Answer 26

Darkened pigmentationdue to an injury to the skin or the residual healing after an acne lesion has resolved. it is often deep red, purple, or brown in appearance.

Question 27

Tan

Answer 27

Results from exposure to the Sun. it is a change in pigmentation due to melanin products. Basically a tan is a visible skin and cell damage.

Question 28

Leukoderma

Answer 28

Loss of pigmentation leading to light, abnormal patches of depigmented skin.

Question 29

Albinism

Answer 29

A rare genetic condition characterized by a lack of melanin pigment in body, including the skin, hair, and eyes. Risk for skin cancer, is sensitive to light, and ages early without normal melanin protection. Technical term is congenital leukoderma or congenital hypopigmentation.

Question 30

Vitiligo

Answer 30

A pigmentation disease characterized by white irregular patches of skin that are totally lacking pigment.

Question 31

Tinea Versicolor

Answer 31

Pityriasis versicolor fungal condition that inhibits melanin production.it is characterized by white, brown, or salmon - colored flaky patches.

Question 32

Dermatitis

Answer 32

An inflammatory condition of the skin; various forms include lesions such as eczema, besides, or papules.

Question 33

Allergic Contact Dermatitis/ Contact Dermatitis

Answer 33

Allergic contact , dermatitis is caused by exposure to and direct skin contact with an allergen.

Occupational disorders from ingredients in cosmetics and and chemical solutions.

Question 34

Atopic Dermatitis/ Eczema

Answer 34

Atopic dermatitis - A chronic relapsing form of dermatitis. Excess inflammation from allergies.

Eczema - an inflammatory, painful, itching disease of the skin; is acute or chronic in nature; and was dry or omissions.

Question 35

Irritant Contact Dermatitis

Answer 35

Symptoms range from redness, swelling, scaling, and itching to serious, painful chemical burns.

Question 36

Perioral Dermatitis
Seborrhea Dermatitis
Stasis Dermatitis

Answer 36

PD- acne -like condition around the mouth consisting mainly of small clusters of papules.

SebD- a form of eczema characterized by inflammation, dry of oily scaling or crusting, and/or itchiness. Red, flaky skin often appears in the eyebrows, on the scalp and along the sides of the nose.

StaD- caused by poor circulation in the lower legs that can create a chronic inflammatory state.

Question 37

Types of Hypertrophies

Answer 37

Hypertrophy- Abnormal growth, is used to describethickening of a tissue.

   Hyperkeratosis- Thickening of the skin.

   Keratoma - A callus caused by pressure or friction, an acquired thickened patch of epidermis.

  Keratosis - An abnormally thick buildup of skin cells.

  Keratosis Pilaris- Redness and bumpiness in the cheeks, upper arms or thighs. Caused by blocked follicles.

   Mole- A pigmented nevus; brownish spot ranging in color from tan to bluish black. Some flat, resembling freckles; others are raised and darker.

   Psoriasis- characterized by red patchescovered with white-silver scales.it is usually found in patches on the scalp, elbows knees, chest, and lower back.

   skin tag- A small outgrowth or extension of the skin that looks like a flap.

Question 38

Nine Contagious Skin and Nail Diseases

Answer 38

Conjunctivitis- pinkeye- inflammation of the mucous membrane

Herpes Simplex Virus 1- fever blister or cold sores, usually appear on the lips or nostrils
Herpes Simplex Virus 2- genital herpes

Herpes Zoster - shingles; A viral infection of the sensory nerves characterized by groups of red blisters that form a rush that occurs in a ring or line.

Impetigo- clusters of small blisters or crusty lesions filled with bacteria.

Onychomycosis - fungal infection that procedures symptoms of thick, brittle, discolored nails.

Tinea - fungal infections; tinea pedos, athletes foot.

Tinea Corporis - ringworm caused by fungus. A skin irritation that spreads into a circular infection that is red and scaly. Can be dry or moist.

Verruca - Wart; typically flesh colored but can be brown or black. They can appear singly or in clusters

Question 39

Mental Health Conditions that May Manifest as SkIn Conditions

Answer 39

Dermatillomania- obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in which the person picks at their skin to the point of injury, infection or scarring.

Body Dystrophic Disorder- A psychological disorder in which the client has a preoccupation with their appearance. Causes a client to fixate on imperfections.

Question 40

Common skin conditions related to skin diseases and disorders

Answer 40

Furuncle- boil; subcutaneous bless filled with pus.

Carbuncle- groups of boils

Edema- swelling from a fluid imbalance in the cells or aresponse to injury, infection, or medication.

Erythema- redness caused by inflammation

Folliculitis- hair grows under the surface instead of growingup and out of the follicle

Pseudofolliculitis- razor bumps

Pruritus - medical term for itching

Steatoma- Sebaceous cyst or tumor filled with sebum, usually appears on the scalp, neck and back; also called a wen.

Question 41

Five Sudoriferous Gland Disorders

Answer 41

Anhidrosis- a deficiency inperspiration due to failure of the sweat glands.

Bromhidrosis - foul-smelling perspiration, usually in the armpits or on the feet.

Hyperhidrosis - chronic excessive perspiration caused by heat, genetics, stress, or medication.

Diaphoresis - excessive perspiration due to an underlying medical condition.

Miliaria Rubra- prickly heat; acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands.

Question 42

Primary Lesions

Answer 42

Balla- large blister containing a watery fluid; similar to a vesicle. Requires medical referral.

Last and Tubercle- closed, abnormally developed sac that contains pus, above or below the skin. A cyst can be drained of fluid and a tubercle cannot.

Macula - flat spot or discoloration on the skin.

Module - a solid bump larger than 0.4 inchesthat can be easily felt.

Papule - a small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid, but may develop pus.

Pustule - raised, inflamed, people with a white or yellow center containing pus in the top of the lesions.

Tumor- abnormal mass varying in size, shape, and color.

Vesicle - small blister or sac containing clear fluid, lying within or just beneath the epidermis.

Wheal - an itchy, swollen lesion that can be caused by a blow, scratch, bite of an insect, or urticaria (skin allergy) or the sting of a nettle.

Question 43

Secondary Lesions

Answer 43

Crust - dead cells that form over a wound or blemish while healing; accumulation of sebum and pus sometimes mixed with epidermal cells.

Excoriation - skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping.

Fissure - crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis

Keloid - a thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue

Scale - thin, dry, or oily plate of epidermal flakes.

Scar or cicatrix - slightly raised or depressed area of the skin that forms as aresult of the healing process related to an injury or lesion.

Ulcer - open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body; accompanied by loss of skin depth and possibly weeping of fluids or pus.