Chapter 12 - Terminology

Question 1

The three major functions of the nervous system are _______.

Answer 1

1. Sensory (PNS): detection of sensations within and outside the body
2. Integrative (CNS): “decision-making” processes
3. Motor (PNS): stimulation of muscle cell contraction or gland secretion

Question 2

The four divisions of the brain are ______.

Answer 2

1. Cerebrum
2. Diencephalon
3. Cerebellum
4. Brainstem

Question 3

The enlarged superior portion of the brain, which has left and right hemispheres, is called the ______.

Answer 3

Cerebrum

Question 4

The cerebrum is responsible for ______.

Answer 4

Higher mental functions (learning, memory, personality, cognition/thinking, language) and plays major roles in sensation and movement

Question 5

The central core of the brain, beneath the cerebral hemispheres, is the ______.

Answer 5

Diencephalon

Question 6

The four structural parts of the Diencephalon are ______.

Answer 6

1. Thalamus
2. Epithalamus
3. Hypothalamus
4. Subthalamus

Question 7

The Diencephalon is responsible for ______.

Answer 7

1. Processing, integrating, and relaying information to different parts of the brain
2. Maintaining homeostasis of various physiological variables
3. Regulation of movement
4. Biological rhythms

Question 8

The posterior and inferior portion of the brain, which is composed of left and right hemispheres, is the _____.

Answer 8

Cerebellum

Question 9

The cerebellum is responsible for ______.

Answer 9

Planning and coordination of movement, particularly for complex activity (I.e. playing an instrument)

Question 10

The part of the brain that connects the brain to the spinal cord is the ______.

Answer 10

Brainstem

Question 11

The brainstem is responsible for ______.

Answer 11

1. Control of basic involuntary processes (rate/depth of breathing)
2. Mediating reflexes
3. Monitoring movement
4. Integrating and relaying information to other parts of the nervous system

Question 12

The long, tubular organ that is encased within and protected by the vertebral cavity, begins at the brainstem, and ends between the first and second lumbar vertebrae, is called ______.

Answer 12

The spinal cord

Question 13

The brain and spinal cord consist of white and gray matter. Why are they colored as such?

Answer 13

White matter contains myelinated axons

Gray matter is made up of cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons

Question 14

The superficial parts of the cerebrum are separated by shallow grooves, called ________, and deep grooves, called _______.

Answer 14

Sulci and fissures

Question 15

The two hemispheres of the cerebrum are separated by a long fissure called the ______.

Answer 15

Longitudinal Fissure

Question 16

The elevated ridges between the sulci of the cerebrum are called _____.

Answer 16

Gyri (singular = gyrus)

Question 17

The shallow groove that separates the frontal lobe of the brain from the parietal lobes is called the ______.

Answer 17

Central Sulcus

Question 18

The temporal lobe is separated from the frontal and parietal lobes by a deep groove called the _____.

Answer 18

Lateral Fissure

Question 19

Beneath the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes is the paired ________.

Answer 19

Insulas

Question 20

The most complex and external portion of the brain is the region of gray matter called the _______.

Answer 20

Cerebral cortex

Question 21

The areas of the neocortex, which makes up most of and was the most recent to evolve within the cerebral cortex, are _______.

Answer 21

1. Primary motor cortex (upper motor neurons consciously plan and execute movement)
2. Primary sensory cortices (first to receive and process sensory input)
3. Association areas (integrate different types of stimuli)

Question 22

Each of our five senses, as well as our sense of balance, is represented by both a primary area and an association area in the cerebral cortex. What are these six areas called?

Answer 22

1. Somatosensory (primary & association) = process touch
2. Visual (primary & association) = process visual input
3. Auditory (primary & association) = process auditory stimuli
4. Gustatory = process taste stimuli
5. Olfactory = process smell
6. Vestibular = process equilibrium and positional stimuli

Question 23

A premotor area, located in the frontal lobe, responsible for the ability to produce language, is called ______.

Answer 23

Broca’s Area

Question 24

The integrative speech area, located in the temporal and parietal lobes, responsible for the ability to understand language, is called ______.

Answer 24

Wernicke’s Area

Question 25

The area of the brain that occupies most of the frontal lobe and functions in modulating behavior, personality, learning, memory, and psychological state, is called the ______.

Answer 25

Prefrontal cortex

Question 26

The association area that functions in spatial awareness and attention is the ______.

Answer 26

Parietal association area

Question 27

The association area that functions in recognition and associations is the ______.

Answer 27

Temporal association area