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Private & Commercial Pilot (DA 40NG) > PPL Oral - Weather Charts, Alerts, and Reports > Flashcards

PPL Oral - Weather Charts, Alerts, and Reports Flashcards

Understand parameters of Charts, Alerts and Reports concerning aviation Weather

1
Q

What is a Low Level Significant Weather Prognostic Chart?

A

It is a PROGNOSTIC FORECAST used for the purpose of VFR flight planning from the surface to 24,000ft that depicts areas of..

  1. IFR.
  2. Marginal VFR
  3. Turbulence
  4. Freezing Levels
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2
Q

What do all the different colors and lines mean on a Low Level Significant Weather Prog Chart?

A

Red - Areas of IFR conditions

Blue - Areas of Marginal VFR conditions

Light Blue Zig Zags - Freezing level at surface
Light Blue Dashed - Freezing level at altitude

Yellow Dashed - Areas of Moderate OR greater Turbulence (LLWS)

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3
Q

How often is a Low Level Significant WX Prog chart produced?

A

4 times per day in two types
1. 12 hour
2. 24 hour

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4
Q

How often is a Low Level Significant WX Prog chart produced?

A

4 times per day (every 6hrs) in two types
1. 12 hour
2. 24 hour

(the chart with the squiggly blue or red lines)

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5
Q

What are three primary sources for Pre-Flight Weather Briefings?

A
  1. FSS
  2. 1800WXBREIF.com
  3. Garmin Pilot
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6
Q

What are some other ‘unconventional’ sources of weather information?

A
  1. Internet sources such as..
    Windy.com or The Weather Channel
  2. Flight Information Services (FIS-B via ADSB-IN)
  3. Weather cameras
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7
Q

Do weather sources other than the FAA or NWS count towards satisfying 91.103 requirement?

A

No. Only sources approved by the FAA or from the NWS.

  1. When in doubt contact FSS to check
  2. Data must be from FAA approved sources like the NWS.
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8
Q

What are the 4 different types of weather briefings available from FSS?

A
  1. Outlook
  2. Standard
  3. Abbreviated
  4. Inflight
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9
Q

What is an Outlook Briefing?

A

Request whenever your departure time is 6 or more hours out.

  • Provide a general picture of the weather conditions along route
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10
Q

What is a Standard Breifing?

A

Request whenever you have not already seen a briefing, or when within 6 hours of departure.

  • Provide an in depth picture of all pertinent route information (NOTAMs) and weather.
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11
Q

What is an abbreviated Briefing?

A

Request when you need to check weather right before your flight, or when you need a quick view of just a few items.

  • Provide a shortened version for quick reading
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12
Q

What are the mandatory Pre-Flight information requirements?

A

FAR 91.103

N - NOTAMs
W - Weather
1. Winds aloft
2. Current conditions
3. Prog charts/Synopsis
4. Dep, enroute, arrival forecast
5. any adverse conditions
K - Known ATC delays
R - RWY lengths
A - Alternate(s) plans
F - Fuel requirements
T - Take off and Landing distances

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13
Q

What is FIS-B?

A

Flight Information Broadcast

  • Ground based data link to aircraft providing weather and aeronautical information
  • Works through ADS-B IN
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14
Q

What should be cautioned around using FIS-Bs inflight weather surveillance radar on in-flight cockpit displays?

A

The radar data is not actually current AND it may be 15-20 mins old
1. Use caution and give radar returns extra room to account for this Lag.

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15
Q

How can you get updated weather info while In-Flight?

A
  1. Use a nearby FSS (or try 122.2)
  2. ATIS/AWOS/ASOS nearby
  3. ATC (workload permitting) Center or Approach
  4. Data Link weather (FIS-B)
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16
Q

What is a METAR?

A

An hourly surface observation reported at some airports

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17
Q

What is a SPECI?

A

A METAR that has been updated at an irregular time due to rapid changes in weather or other critical information.

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18
Q

What is AWOS?

A

Automated Weather Observation Service
- Computer Generated
- Updated as often as every minute
- Receivable up to 25nm out
- FAA operated

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19
Q

What is ASOS?

A

Automated Surface Observation System
- Computer Generated
- Updates as often as every minute
- Receivable up to 25nm out
- NWS operated.

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20
Q

What is a PIREP?

A

A Pilot Report
- Real time reports of actual conditions

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21
Q

How can you submit a PIREP?

A

You can submit PIREPs via
- FSS
- Center frequency
- Approach/Departure Frequencies

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22
Q

What is a PIREP UA?

A

Normal PIREP

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23
Q

What is a PIREP UUA?

A

Urgent PIREP

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24
Q

What is a TAF?

A

Terminal Aerodrome Forecast
- Reports a weather forecast between 24 and 30 hours out
- Forecast area extends 5 miles out from the airport
- Usually reported at larger airports

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25
Q

How often are TAFs updated?

A

4 time per day

(0000z, 0600z, 1200z, 1800z)

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26
Q

What is the report at the top of a TAF for? (header)

A

The reported weather conditions at the time the TAF was ISSUED. P

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27
Q

What does FM mean on a TAF?

A

From.
This is issued when a rapid or significant change is expected. Its common to see.

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28
Q

What does TEMP mean on a TAF?

A

Temporarily
Used for fluctuations in weather expected to last LESS THAN 1hr.

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29
Q

What does BECMG mean on a TAF?

A

Becoming
- When a GRADUAL change is expected over a longer period of time. Usually 2hrs.

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30
Q

What does PROB30 mean on a TAF?

A

There is a 30% probability of a weather event occurring in the coming hours

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31
Q

For TAFs and METARs, are the winds reported in True or Magnetic direction?

A

True

32
Q

For TAFs and METARS, are the cloud layers reported in AGL or MSL?

A

AGL

33
Q

How often is a METAR updated?

A

Once per hour.
Usually 55 min past the hour.

34
Q

What is the GFA tool?

A

Graphical Forecasts for Aviation

Web based graphics that combine weather observations and forecasts.

35
Q

What types of things can the GFA tool show you when under the Forecast tab?

A

Weather along your route

  • FORECASTED icing, turbulence, thunderstorms, winds, clouds etc..
36
Q

What kinds of things can the GFA tool show you when under the Observation tab?

A

Weather along your route

  • OBSERVED Ceilings, visibility, METARS, Radar, PIREPs.
37
Q

What are the 4 types of In-Flight weather advisories?

A
  1. Convective SIGMET (WST)
  2. SIGMET (WS)
  3. AIRMET (WA) issued a Tango, Zulu, or Sierra
  4. Center Weather Advisory (CWA)
38
Q

What is a Convective SIGMET (WST)?

A

AIM 5-1-6

Severe Convective Weather advisory issued for.. (Remember TELS)

T - Thunderstorms with heavy or greater precipitation covering 40% or more of an area
E - Embedded T-storms & Squall lines
L - Low Level Wind Sheer
S - Severe Thunderstorm WITH…
1. Surface winds 50kts or greater
2. Hail 3/4 inch or greater at surface
3. Tornados

39
Q

How long is a Convective SIGMET (WST) valid for?

A

AIM 5-1-6

2 hours

40
Q

What is a SIGMET? (WS)

A

AIM 5-1-6

Severe Weather advisory concerning ALL aircraft,

What they are issued for.. (remember SADCATs)

S - Severe Icing, Not associated with a T-storm
A - volcanic ASH
D - Dust storm or Sandstorm that creates IMC
CATs - Clear Air Turbulence Or Extreme/Severe Turbulence, NOT associated with a thunderstorm

41
Q

How long are SIGMETs (WS) valid for?

A

AIM 5-1-6

4 hours

42
Q

What is an AIRMET (WA)?

A

AIM 5-1-6

Less than Severe weather advisories intended for use by ALL pilots

43
Q

What are the different types of AIRMETs (WA) and what are they for?

A

AIM 5-1-6

Sierra. Issued for..
- IFR low visibility
- Mountain obscurations

Zulu. Issued for..
- Moderate icing
- Freezing level hights

Tango. Issued for..
- Moderate Turbulence
- Surface winds greater than 30 kts
- Low Level Wind Sheer

44
Q

How long are AIRMETs valid?

A

AIM 5-1-6

Every 6 hours

45
Q

What is a Winds & Temperatures Aloft Forecast (FB)

A

Computer generated forecasts showing wind speed and direction as well as temperature at specified altitudes

  • They provide an outlook for these conditions up to 24 hours out
46
Q

How often are Winds & Temperatures Aloft Forecasts (FB) updated?

A

4 times a day
(000Z, 0600Z, 1200Z, 1800Z)

47
Q

What does it mean when a Winds and Temps Aloft (FB) reports something like: 731960?

A

It means the winds are above 100kts
- You must subtract 50 from the wind direction and add a 1 to the wind speed

7311960 = Winds from 231 at 119 kts and -60c

48
Q

What does it mean when a Winds and Temps Aloft (FB) reports something like: 9900 at 3000ft?

A

9900 means the winds are Light and Variable

49
Q

What does the following Winds & Temps Aloft (FB) header mean?
: DATA BASED ON 031200Z
VALID 031800Z FOR USE 1400-2100Z. TEMPS NEG ABV 24000

A

DATA BASED ON 031200Z - This is when the forecast was prepared

VALID 031800Z - This is when the information will be most accurate

FOR USE 1400-2100Z - This is when the data is meant to be used for planning

50
Q

What are Altitudes, Visibility and Distances reported in on a PIREP?

A

Altitudes = MSL

Visibility = Statute Miles

Distances = Nautical Miles

51
Q

What are Altitudes, Visibility and Distances reported in on a PIREP?

A

Altitudes = MSL

Visibility = Statute Miles

Distances = Nautical Miles

52
Q

What is a Convective Outlook chart (SPC)?

A

Shows areas and likelihood for severe weather for the following 3 days such as…

  • Tornados
  • Wind gusts (greater than 50 kts)
  • Hail (3/4 inch or larger)
  • General Convection (TS)
53
Q

What are the probability categories for a Convective Outlook chart?

A
  1. MRGL - Marginal (least)
  2. SLGT - Slight risk (more than MRGL)
  3. ENH - Enhanced
  4. MDT - Moderate
  5. HIGH- ….-.- (greatest)
54
Q

How often is a METAR updated?

A

Once per hour.
Usually 55 min past the hour.

55
Q

What are Altitudes, Visibility and Distances reported in on a PIREP?

A

Altitudes = MSL

Visibility = Statute Miles

Distances = Nautical Miles

56
Q

What is a Center Weather Advisory? (CWA)

A

They are like urgent versions of SIGMETs and AIRMETS.

They are issued when criteria for AIRMETS and SIGMETS are met but there is none posted yet OR..
When there is an immediate update to an AIRMET or SIGMET is needed

57
Q

How often is a METAR updated?

A

Once per hour.
Usually 55 min past the hour.

58
Q

What are Altitudes, Visibility and Distances reported in on a PIREP?

A

Altitudes = MSL

Visibility = Statute Miles

Distances = Nautical Miles

59
Q

How long is a Center Weather Advisory (CWA) valid?

A

For 2 hours

(like a Convective SIGMET)

60
Q

What is a Center Weather Advisory? (CWA)

A

They are like urgent versions of SIGMETs and AIRMETS.

They are issued when criteria for AIRMETS and SIGMETS are met but there is none posted yet OR..
When there is an immediate update to an AIRMET or SIGMET is needed

61
Q

What are Altitudes, Visibility and Distances reported in on a PIREP?

A

Altitudes = MSL

Visibility = Statute Miles

Distances = Nautical Miles

62
Q

How often is a METAR updated?

A

Once per hour.
Usually 55 min past the hour.

63
Q

What is a Center Weather Advisory? (CWA)

A

They are like urgent/pop up versions of SIGMETs and AIRMETS.

They are issued when criteria for AIRMETS and SIGMETS are met but there is none posted yet OR..
When there is an immediate update to an AIRMET or SIGMET is needed

63
Q

How long is a Center Weather Advisory (CWA) valid?

A

For 2 hours

(like a Convective SIGMET)

63
Q

What are Altitudes, Visibility and Distances reported in on a PIREP?

A

Altitudes = MSL

Visibility = Statute Miles

Distances = Nautical Miles

63
Q
A
64
Q

What is a Center Weather Advisory? (CWA)

A

Aviation warnings for weather while enroute (they are like pop up SIGMETs and AIRMETS)

They are issued when criteria for AIRMETS and SIGMETS are met but there is none posted yet OR..
When there is an immediate update to an AIRMET or SIGMET is needed

64
Q

How long is a Center Weather Advisory (CWA) valid?

A

For 2 hours

(like a Convective SIGMET)

65
Q

How often is a METAR updated?

A

Once per hour.
Usually 55 min past the hour.

66
Q

Who disseminates a Center Weather Advisory (CWA)?

A

Air Traffic Control

67
Q

Are winds on ATIS, AWOS/ASOS reported in True or Magnetic direction?

A

They are reported in MAGNETIC DIRECTION

“If you hear it, its magnetic’
*all automated weather reports over radios are reported in magnetic north (ATIS, AWOS/ASOS)

68
Q

What valuable information can you get from a Winds & Temps Aloft (FB) report?

A
  • Best altitude for winds
  • Areas of possible icing
  • Temperature Inversions (air getting warmer)
  • Turbulence (abrupt changes in wind speed and direction)
  • Wind Sheer (with the same method above)
69
Q

What is a Surface Analysis chart?

A

Depiction of observations of surface weather
They contain…
1. High and Low pressure systems
2. Fronts (warm, cold, occluded, stationary)
3. Isobars (lines of equal pressure)

Also…
- Troughs (elongated low pressure)
- Dry Lines (line of warm dry air, near most warm air)
- Outflow Boundaries (gust front ahead of a storm)

70
Q

How often are Surface Analysis charts updated?

A

Every 3 hours (8 times per day)

71
Q

What are the 3 FAA definitions of night and what is each for?

A
  1. Sunset to Sunrise
    - FAR 91.209
    - When you need to have Position Lights on
  2. 1hr after Sunset to 1hr before Sunrise
    - FAR 61.57
    - For carrying passengers at night
  3. The time between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight, as published in the Air Almanac, converted to local time.
    - FAR 1.1
    - For logging night time
72
Q

What is significant about the Valid Time on a Low Level Significant Weather Prognostic Chart?

A

That is the time that the weather depicted on the chart is forecasted to exist.

Private & Commercial Pilot (DA 40NG) (26 decks)

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