Chapter 5 Flashcards
Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)
The practice of health care in which the practitioner systematically finds, appraises, and uses the most current and valid research findings as the basis for clinical decisions.
Scientific Method
A systematic, ordered approach to the gathering of data and the solving of problems. The basic approach is the statement of the problem followed by the statement of a hypothesis. An experimental method is established to help confirm or negate the hypothesis. The results of the experiment are observed, and conclusions are drawn from observed results. The conclusions may tend to uphold or to refute the hypothesis.
Validity
(In research) The extent to which a test measurement or other device measures what it is intended to measure.
Reliability
(In research) The extent to which a test measurement or device produces the same results with different investigators, observers, or administration of the test over time.
Generalizability
The inferences that the data are representative of similar phenomena in a population beyond the studied sample.
Bias
A prejudiced or subjective gattitude.
Sampling Error
The tendency for statistics to fluctuate from one sample to another.
Qualitative Nursing Research
The study of research questions about human experiences. It is often conducted in natural surroundings, and uses data that are words or text, rather than numerical, in order to describe the experiences that are being studied.
Inductive Reasoning
A logical thought process in which generalizations are developed from specific observations; reasoning moves from the practical to the general.
Informed Consent
Permission is obtained from a patient to perform a specific test or procedure. Informed consent is required before most invasive procedures are preformed and before a patient is admitted to a research study.
Confidentiality
The nondisclosure of information except to another authorized person.
Active Error
Errors that occur at the point of contact between a human and aspect of a larger system (e.g., a human-machine interference).
latent Error
Less apparent Failures of organization or design that contribute to the occurrence of adverse events/medical errors or allow them to cause harm to patients.
