Chapter 4; Anatomy, Physiology, and Disease

Question 1

afferent neurons

Answer 1

neurons that relay information to the CNS

Question 2

Alzheimer disease

Answer 2

progressive neurological disorder that results from the degeneration of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and low levels of the neurotransmitter acetycholine

Question 3

anatomy

Answer 3

the study of body structure

Question 4

asthma

Answer 4

an inflammatory disorder that affects the bronchial tubes of the lungs, characterized by bronchospasms, airway constriction, mucous membrane swelling, and increased mucus production

Question 5

autonomic nervous system (ANS):

Answer 5

responsible for involuntary control of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Question 6

bradycardia:

Answer 6

a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minutes

Question 7

central nervous system (CNS):

Answer 7

the brain and spinal cord

Question 8

congestive heart failure (CHF):

Answer 8

condition the results from the hearts inability to pump enough blood to vital parts of the body, often leading to an increase in blood pressure and an excess retention of fluid in the lungs, liver, and other parts of the body.

Question 9

coronary artery disease (CAD)

Answer 9

condition affecting the blood vessels that feed the hear muscle, allowing a build-up of plaque inside the vessels that over time causes them to narrow, thicken, and become unable to carry blood to other parts of the body.

Question 10

Diabetes

Answer 10

a disorder of the pancreas involving production of insulin

Question 11

disease

Answer 11

anything that upsets the structure of function of a part, organ, or system of the body

Question 12

efferent neurons

Answer 12

neurons that carry information from the CNS to muscles and glands

Question 13

emphysema

Answer 13

a chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder that occurs when the alveoli are permanently enlarged due to exposure to outside irritants like cigarette smoke or air pollution.

Question 14

epidemiology:

Answer 14

the study of epidemics caused by infectious agents, toxic agents, air pollution, and other health-related phenomena

Question 15

master gland

Answer 15

the pituitary gland, which releases the hormones that affect how other glands work

Question 16

osteoporosis:

Answer 16

a bone disorder in which bones become fragile due to a lack of normal calcium salt deposits and a decrease in bone protein

Question 17

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 17

part of the ANS, includes fibers that originate in the brain stem and sacral regions of the spinal cord

Question 18

Parkinson disease

Answer 18

progressive neurologic disorder usually caused by the death of cell sin the part of the brain that produces dopamine

Question 19

peripheral nervous system (PNS):

Answer 19

all nerves other than the brain and spinal cord

Question 20

physiology

Answer 20

the study of how the body functions

Question 21

somatic nervous system

Answer 21

responsible for voluntarily control of the skeletal system

Question 22

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 22

part of the ANS, includes fivers that originate in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord

Question 23

tachycardia

Answer 23

a heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute