Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO HL > A1.1 Water > Flashcards

A1.1 Water Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different roles of water

A

Universal solvent
metabolite
temperature buffer
maintaining biological structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

explain waters role as a universal solvent

A

-helps multicellular organisms transport molecules around the body
-medium for chemical reactions to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

explain waters role as a metabolite

A

water is either a reactant or a product in metabolic reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

explain waters role as a temperature buffer

A

metabolic reactions are catalysed by enzymes, because enzymes are sensitive to temp, reactions can only occur within a certain temperature.
Water acts as a buffer due to high specific heat capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

explain waters role in maintaining biological structures

A

-contributes to the formation of cell membranes
-impacts the folding of proteins
-surrounds DNA to support the double helix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are atoms made up of

A

protons, neutrons and electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are ions

A

atoms that have deficit or a surplus of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are cations

A

ions that have lost electrons and have a positive charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are anions

A

ions that have gained electrons and have a negative charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how are atoms able to form bonds

A

electrons may be transferred to other nearby atoms or shared between atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the purpose of bonds

A

they enable the formation of chemical compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the different types of bonds

A

-non polar covalent bonds
- polar covalent bond
- ionic bond
-hydrogen bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are non polar covalent bonds

A

they share electrons equally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are polar covalent bonds

A

they share electrons unequally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what happens when one atom has more mass than the other atom in the bond

A

the electrons that are being shared will be pulled towards the heavier atom and one side will be slightly positive and one side will be slightly negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is an ionic bond

A

an attraction between a positively charged ion and a negatively charged ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are polar molecules

A

are molecules where one end is slightly positive while the other is slightly negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are hydrogen bonds

A

an attraction between 2 polar molecules
one slightly positive and one slightly negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how are hydrogen bonds represented

A

with a dotted line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the structure of water

A

consists of 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen that are connected with polar covalent bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how many bonds can water molecules form

A

upto 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is cohesion

A

waters ability to make hydrogen bonds with itself cause water molecules to stick together

23
Q

what is surface tension

A

the property of the surface of liquid that allows it to resist an external force, due to the cohesive nature of its molecule

24
Q

what does hydrophilic mean

A

polar and charged molecules are hydrophilic because they attract water

25
Q

what is adhesion

A

the force of attraction between different types of molecules or substances,
- caused by the unequal sharing of electrons in polar molecules

26
Q

what is capillary action

A

the movement of water in through a narrow space, often in opposition to external forces like gravity

27
Q

how does soil retain water

A

due to adhesion, water sticks to the soil particles

28
Q

what are solvents

A

the liquid in which a solute dissolves to create a solution

29
Q

what happens when solutes dissolve

A

their molecules separate from each other and become surrounded by water molecules
this is known as a “hydrogen shell”

30
Q

what happens to polar molecules in water

A

they will dissolve because they are hydrophilic and can form hydrogen bonds

31
Q

what happens to charged ions in water

A

they will dissolve because they are electrostatically attached to water

32
Q

what happens to non polar molecules in water

A

they wont dissolve because they are insoluble and will clump together

33
Q

why is water needed for cellular metabolism

A

because it dissolves the reactants and enzymes so they can come together for reactions

34
Q

what happens to lipids during transportation

A

they are coated in phospholipids to form a structure called a “lipoprotein”

35
Q

what is a physical property

A

a measurable behaviour or characteristic of matter that exists without the matter reaction or interacting with other things

36
Q

what is buoyancy

A

an upward force applied to an object that is immersed in a fluid

37
Q

what happens if the buoyant force of the fluid is greater than the objects weight

A

the object will float

38
Q

what is buoyancy affected by

A

the density of the object

39
Q

how are birds adapted to float

A

they have hollow bones with struts to strengthen them and make them less dense

40
Q

how are bony fish adapted

A

they have a swim bladder that can fill or lose gas to change densities

41
Q

what is viscosity

A

the measure of a fluids tendency to flow
- due to the amount of friction the molecules of a liquid experience as they flow over each other

42
Q

what does it mean by more viscous and less viscous

A

more viscous means theres less movement
less viscous means more movement

43
Q

how do hydrogen bonds affect viscosity

A

they increase the friction making water more viscous than other substances

44
Q

how do solutes affect viscosity

A

cells and dissolved solutes increase viscosity

45
Q

what is thermal conductivity

A

the measure of a materials ability to move heat across a temperature gradient
- is determined by how easily energy transfers through the material

46
Q

what is specific heat capacity

A

the quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of a chemical per unit mass

47
Q

how is waters high specific heat capacity an advantages

A

-good for temperature regulation
-body temperatures rise and fall slowly in response to external changes in temperature
-creates a stable environment

48
Q

how does water compare to air

A

higher
-buoyant force
-viscosity
-thermal conductivity
-specific heat capacity

49
Q

how are ringed seals adapted to their environment

A

-is buoyant
-is streamlined
-insulated with blubber
-due to high SHC of water, there is a stable environment

50
Q

How are black throated loons adapted to their environment

A

-buoyant
-air has bad thermal conductivity so not much loss of body heat but air temperature changes more often

51
Q

where is water believed to have come from

A

from asteroids and coments which contained large amounts of water

52
Q

why can water stay on earth

A

right distance from sun and gravity stops it from escaping

53
Q

why is water a precedent to extraterrestrial life

A

because its vital to life

BIO HL (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions