Nervous (part 1)

Question 1

Which of the following are part of the central nervous system?

Answer 1

Brain, brain stem, spinal cord

Question 2

Conscious control is greatest over the ____ nervous system.

Answer 2

Somatic

Question 3

Can generate or conduct action potentials:

Answer 3

Muscle fibers & neurons

Question 4

There are more ____ in a neuron, and they carry impulses ____ the cell body.

Answer 4

Dendrites
Towards

Question 5

Action potentials arise at the

Answer 5

Axon hillock

Question 6

What is an axon collateral?

Answer 6

A branch of an axon

Question 7

The distal end of the neuron is the:

Answer 7

Axon terminal

Question 8

Action potentials travel away from the cell body of the neuron through:

Answer 8

Axons

Question 9

Myelin is an electric ____ and causes the action potential to travel more ____

Answer 9

Insulator
Quickly

Question 10

Myelin is ____-soluble and gives ____ matter it’s color.

Answer 10

Fat
White

Question 11

Unipolar

Answer 11

One process, found in sensory receptors 

Question 12

Bipolar

Answer 12

One dendrites and one axon, found in the eye, ear, and nose 

Question 13

Multipolar

Answer 13

Most common, many dendrites and one axon, found in motor neurons and interneurons 

Question 14

Afferent conduction moves ____ the CNS through ____ nerves.

Answer 14

Towards
Sensory

Question 15

Which two structures does an interneuron connect?

Answer 15

A sensory and a motor neuron

Question 16

Astrocytes

Answer 16

CNS neuron support and protection

Question 17

Microglial cells

Answer 17

CNS phagocytosis

Question 18

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 18

CNS myelin sheath

Question 19

Satellite cells

Answer 19

PNS neuron support and protection

Question 20

Schwann cells

Answer 20

PNS myelin sheath

Question 21

Ependymal cells

Answer 21

CNS cerebrospinal fluid formation

Question 22

A nerve, a bundle of axons in the PNS, is the same as a ____ in the CNS

Answer 22

Tract

Question 23

A nucleus, a collection of neuron cell bodies in the CNS, is the same as a ____
in the PNS.

Answer 23

Ganglion

Question 24

In hyperpolarization, the membrane potential becomes ____ negative and ____ excitable

Answer 24

More
Less

Question 25

When the neuron is at rest before an action potential, there is more sodium ____ the cell and more potassium ____ the cell.

Answer 25

Outside
Inside

Question 26

Graded potentials lead to action potentials

Answer 26

When provided by one neuron over time
When provided by many neurons at the same time

Question 27

With depolarization at the beginning of an action potential, sodium diffuses across the membrane due to a favorable

Answer 27

Concentration and/or Electrical gradient

Question 28

With depolarization at the beginning of an action potential, the membrane potential, which is ____ at rest, moves in a ____ direction.

Answer 28

Negative
Positive

Question 29

During early repolarization, potassium ____ the cell passively, making the membrane potential more ____.

Answer 29

Leaves
Negative

Question 30

In terms of ion channels, what happens when threshold potential is reached?

Answer 30

Voltage-gated sodium channels open

Question 31

In terms of ion channels, why does the action potential only travel in one direction?

Answer 31

Proximal sodium channels become refractory 

Question 32

Saltatory conduction happens in

Answer 32

Myelinated axons

Question 33

The sodium-potassium pump moves sodium ____the cell and potassium ____ the cell.

Answer 33

Out of
Into

Question 34

Synaptic transmission occurrence in order

Answer 34

1. Action potential reaches presynaptic axon terminal, calcium channels open
2. Vesicle exocytosis trom synaptic end bulb
3. Neurotransmitter diffusion into synaptic cleft
4. Neurotransmitter binding to postsynaptic receptors
5. Ion channels open in postsynaptic neuron
6. Neurotransmitter cleared from synaptic cleft

Question 35

Part of the neuron at the presynaptic surface; part at the postsynaptic surface.

Answer 35

Axon
Dendrite

Question 36

Besides another neuron, which two structures can an axon have a synapse with?

Answer 36

Muscle or gland

Question 37

An excitatory neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft. In response, the postsynaptic cell ____ as ____ channels open.

Answer 37

Depolarizes
Sodium

Question 38

The effect of serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s) is due to:

Answer 38

The serotonin staying longer in the synaptic cleft 

Question 39

Endorphins

Answer 39

The body’s natural painkiller, may be involved in acupuncture analgesia

Question 40

Nitric oxide

Answer 40

Gas involved with learning, memory, and vasodilation

Question 41

Acetylcholine

Answer 41

Neuromuscular junction, PNS

Question 42

Dopamine

Answer 42

A modified amino acid involved in emotion, addiction, pleasure, muscle tone, and movement