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HISTOPATHOLOGY > FIXATIVES > Flashcards

FIXATIVES Flashcards

1
Q

Procedure adopted to kill, harden and preserve materials for microscopic study, by means of a FIXATIVE

A

FIXATION

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2
Q

Fats, mucin, glycogen

A

Formaldehyde (Formalin)

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3
Q

CNS tissues and general post-mortem tissues

A

10% Formol-Saline

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4
Q

Preservation and storage of surgical, post-mortem and research specimens.

A

10% Neutral Buffered Formalin

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5
Q

Best fixative for tissues containing iron pigments

A

10% Neutral Buffered Formalin

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6
Q

Routine post-mortem tissues

A

Formol-Corrosive (Formol-Sublimate)

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7
Q

Routine light microscopy, and also electron microscopy

A

Glutaraldehyde

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8
Q

MOST COMMON FIXATIVE

A

Mercuric Chloride

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9
Q

Renal tissue, connective tissue, muscle, and fibrin

A

Mercuric Chloride

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10
Q

Small pieces of liver, spleen, connective tissue fibers and nuclei

A

Zenker’s fluid

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11
Q

Pituitary gland, bone marrow, and blood containing organs such as spleen and liver

A

Helly’s solution (Zenker-Formol)

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12
Q

Tumor biopsies especially of the skin; it is an excellent cytologic fixative

A

Heidenhain’s Susa solution

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13
Q

Fixative and decalcifier

A

Chromic acid

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14
Q

Fixative of choice for carbohydrates

A

Chromic acid

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15
Q

Preserves lipids and mitochondria

A

Potassium Dichromate

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16
Q

Chromatin, mitochondria, mitotic figures, Golgi bodies, RBC and colloid-containing tissues. Hemosiderin

A

Regaud’s (Moller’s) fluid

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17
Q

Study of early degenerative processes and tissue necrosis

A

Orth’s fluid

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18
Q

Acid MPS, fixes connective tissue mucin

A

Lead Fixatives

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19
Q

Glycogen

A

Picric acid

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20
Q

Embryos

A

Bouin’s solution

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21
Q

Soft and delicate structures such as endometrial curretings

A

Bouin’s solution

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22
Q

Glycogen

A

Brasil’s solution

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23
Q

Nuclear components of the cell, fixes and precipitates nucleoproteins, chromosomes and chromatins

A

Glacial Acetic Acid

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24
Q

Blood and tissue smears; preserves glycogen, nucleoproteins and nucleic acids; used for enzyme studies

A

70-100% Ethyl alcohol

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25
Q

MPS and nuclear proteins

A

Newcomer’s fluid

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26
Q

Fixation time and temperature using Newcomer’s fluid

A

12-18 hours; 18degCel

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27
Q

Fats, adrenal glands, myelin, peripheral glands, cytoplasmic structures

A

Osmium Tetroxide (Osmic Acid)

28
Q

Fixative and weak decalcifying agent. Precipitates protein, softens dense fibrous tissues

A

TCA

29
Q

Chromosomes, lymph glands and urgent biopsies

A

Carnoy’s fluid

30
Q

Most common chrome-osmium acetic acid fixative used; nuclear preservation

A

Flemming’s solution

31
Q

Fixative and stain

A

Osmium Tetroxide (Osmic Acid)

32
Q

Cytoplasmic structures particularly the mitochondria

A

Flemming’s solution without acetic acid

33
Q

Composed of chromic acid and osmic acid

A

Flemming’s solution without acetic acid

34
Q

Study of water diffusible enzymes (phosphatases, lipases); fixes brain tissues for diagnosis of rabies

A

Acetone

35
Q

Frozen tissue sections and bacteriologic smears

A

Heat Fixation

36
Q

Most common type of fixatives

A

Aldehydes

37
Q

Satisfactory for routine paraffin sections, electron microscopy, and when histochemical and enzyme studies are indicated

A

Aldehyde Fixatives

38
Q

Simple fixatives

A

AMPOTAAAH

Aldehyde
Metallic fixatives
Picric acid
Osmiuim tetroxide
TCA
Acetic acid
Acetone
Alcohol
Heat fixatives

39
Q

Microanatomical fixatives

A

10 Filipino Hindi nag-ZZ mag Boat to Brasil

10% Formol saline
10% NBF
Formol sublimate
Heidenhain’s susa
Zenker’s fluid
Zenker’s formol
Bouin’s
Brasil

40
Q

Nuclear fixatives

A

Flemming’s New Car Has Balls

Flemmings
Newcomers
Carnoy
Heidenhain’s susa
Bouin’s

41
Q

Cytoplasmic fixatives

A

FOR Helly’s Fleng

Formalin with post chroming
Orth’s fluid
Regaud’s
Helly’s
Flemming’s fluid without acetic acid

42
Q

Histochemical fixatives

A

10 FANAH

10% Formol saline
Acetone
Newcomer’s
Absolute ethanol

43
Q

Process of placing an already fixed tissue in a second fixative in order

A

SECONDARY FIXATION

44
Q

Purpose of Secondary Staining

A

To improve the demonstration of particular substances
To make special staining techniques possible
To ensure further and complete hardening and preservation of tissues

45
Q

Secondary fixation where by a primarily fixed tissue is placed in aq. solution of 2.5-3% potassium dichromate for 24 hours

A

POST-CHROMATIZATION

46
Q

Process of removing excess fixative from the tissue after fixation in order to improve staining and remove artifacts from the tissues; several solutions may be used

A

WASHING-OUT

47
Q

Purpose of Post-Chromatization

A

To act as mordant for better staining effects
To aid in cytologic preservation of tissue

48
Q

Solutions are used to remove excess fixative from the tissue after fixation in order to improve staining and remove artefacts from the tissues

A

Tap water
50-70% alcohol
Alcoholic iodine

49
Q

Used to remove excess chromatin, formalin, and osmic acid

A

Tap water

50
Q

Used to wash out excess picric acid

A

50-70% alcohol

51
Q

Used to remove excess mercuric fixatives

A

Alcoholic iodine

52
Q

Fixation is enhanced by:

A

Size and thickness of the tissue
Agitation
Moderate heat (37-56C)

53
Q

Fixation is retarded by:

A

Size and thickness of the tissue
Presence of mucus, fat, blood
Cold temperature

54
Q

Tissue:Fixative ratio

A

1:20

55
Q

Special way of preserving tissues by rapid freezing (quenching) and removing water (dessication) by a physicaI process (vacuum drying apparatus)

A

Freeze-drying

56
Q

Similar to freeze-drying but instead of being subjected to dehydration, is fixed in Rossman’s fluid (sat. picric acid in 95% alcohol, formaldehyde), or osmium tetroxide in 1% acetone, and dehydrated in absolute alcohol or acetone

A

Freeze substitution

57
Q

Requires that the tissue be maintained in the frozen solid state during cutting of section, thereby supporting and protecting the tissue from damage and distortion by the knife during cutting

A

Fresh frozen section

58
Q

Principle of Freeze-drying

A

Rapid freezing of tissue block to produce instant cessation of cellular activity, preventing chemical alteration of tissue constituents and displacement of tissue components;

59
Q

Why does the the process of freezing must be rapid?

A

Freezing must be rapid, within 2-3 seconds to prevent the formation of ice crystal artifacts in tissue blocks, and produce optimum tissue preservation

60
Q

Freezing agent commonly used

A

Liquid nitrogen (-160 to -180°C)

61
Q

Aldehyde Fixatives

A

Formaldehyde
10% Formol Saline
10% NBF
Formol Sublimate
Glutaraldehyde

62
Q

Mercurial Fixatives

A

BeHHZ

Zenker’s fluid
Helly’s solution
Heidenhain’s Susa solution
B-5 fixative

63
Q

Chromate Fixatives

A

PORC

Potassium dichromate
Orth’s fluid
Regaud’s fluid
Chromic acid

64
Q

Picric acid Fixatives

A

Gendre reveal ni BB sa Picric

Bouin’s solution
Brasil’s solution
Gendre’s

65
Q

Alcohol Fixatives

A

Drink alcohol inside New Car

100% Methyl alcohol
70-100% Ethyl alcohol
Carnoy’s fluid
Newcomer’s fluid

66
Q

Chrom-osmium fixatives

A

Flemming’s solution
Flemming’s solution without acetic acid

HISTOPATHOLOGY (16 decks)

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