BIO044 (LAB) MOD 3 ANIMALS ORGANS & ORGAN SYSTEMS Flashcards
It is considered a “dead science” as it has been do well-studied and recorded with very little change through time.
Anatomy
It is a structure formed by a combination of 2 or more of the basic tissues, and are joined in a structural unit to serve a common function.
Organ
It is composed of a main tissue called_______ which is unique for a specific organ and the functional part of the organ.
Parenchyma
Mostly connective tissue that supports and forms the framework of an organ.
Stroma
Based on appearance, an organ can either be:
• Tubular
• Parenchymatous
Hollow organs with a canal (lumen) and a muscular wall
Tubular organs
Examples of Tubular organs:
Intestines, stomach esophagus, ureters, trachea, oviducts,uterus, etc.
Solid organs with the typical Parenchyma + stroma
Parenchymatous organs
Examples of Parenchymatous organs:
Liver, kidneys, pancreas, brain, spleen.
Organs that have functions that perform similar purposes (Digestion, Respiration, reproduction) are grouped into an:
Organ System
Skeletal System General Functions:
• Support
• Movement
• Protection of certain vital organs
• Mineral Storage
Particularly on land
Support
Along with the muscular system
Movement
(Eg. Calcium & phosphorus)
Mineral Storage
The skeletal system is divided into 2 groups:
•Axial Skeleton
• Appendicular Skeleton
Follow the axis of the body; skull, vertebrate (backbone), ribcage
Axial Skeleton
Arms (shoulders, and collarbone, humerus, radius + ulna, carpals, metacarpals), legs (pelvis, femur, tibia + fibula, tarsals, metatarsal) , and digits (phalanges)
Appendicular Skeleton
Muscular system General Functions:
• Movement
• Posture & Stability
• Communication
• Control of Body Temperature
Each individual is a separate organ of the muscular system
•.Biceps
• triceps
• gastrocnemius
Endocrine System General Function:
•Control of long term activities like growth, metabolism, reproduction, and development
• Production of hormones
Nervous System General Functions:
• Coordination and control of all body activities
• Rapid responses to emergency situations
The brain and the spinal cord
Central Nervous System
The nerves and ganglia branching from the brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral Nervous System
Nerve cells of the PNS that are bringing information to the brain are called:
Sensory neurons
Nerve cells that are taking information away from the brain out to muscles and glands are called:
Motor nerves
General Functions: Monitor the outside world and the internal environment to allow the body to respond quickly and effectively to any potential dangers or threats.
Sensory System
Convert light energy into nerve impulses
Photoreceptors