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ZOOLOGY (LABORATORY) > BIO044 (LAB) MOD 3 ANIMALS ORGANS & ORGAN SYSTEMS > Flashcards

BIO044 (LAB) MOD 3 ANIMALS ORGANS & ORGAN SYSTEMS Flashcards

1
Q

It is considered a “dead science” as it has been do well-studied and recorded with very little change through time.

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

It is a structure formed by a combination of 2 or more of the basic tissues, and are joined in a structural unit to serve a common function.

A

Organ

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3
Q

It is composed of a main tissue called_______ which is unique for a specific organ and the functional part of the organ.

A

Parenchyma

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4
Q

Mostly connective tissue that supports and forms the framework of an organ.

A

Stroma

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5
Q

Based on appearance, an organ can either be:

A

• Tubular
• Parenchymatous

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6
Q

Hollow organs with a canal (lumen) and a muscular wall

A

Tubular organs

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7
Q

Examples of Tubular organs:

A

Intestines, stomach esophagus, ureters, trachea, oviducts,uterus, etc.

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8
Q

Solid organs with the typical Parenchyma + stroma

A

Parenchymatous organs

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9
Q

Examples of Parenchymatous organs:

A

Liver, kidneys, pancreas, brain, spleen.

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10
Q

Organs that have functions that perform similar purposes (Digestion, Respiration, reproduction) are grouped into an:

A

Organ System

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11
Q

Skeletal System General Functions:

A

• Support
• Movement
• Protection of certain vital organs
• Mineral Storage

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12
Q

Particularly on land

A

Support

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13
Q

Along with the muscular system

A

Movement

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14
Q

(Eg. Calcium & phosphorus)

A

Mineral Storage

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15
Q

The skeletal system is divided into 2 groups:

A

•Axial Skeleton
• Appendicular Skeleton

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16
Q

Follow the axis of the body; skull, vertebrate (backbone), ribcage

A

Axial Skeleton

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17
Q

Arms (shoulders, and collarbone, humerus, radius + ulna, carpals, metacarpals), legs (pelvis, femur, tibia + fibula, tarsals, metatarsal) , and digits (phalanges)

A

Appendicular Skeleton

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18
Q

Muscular system General Functions:

A

• Movement
• Posture & Stability
• Communication
• Control of Body Temperature

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19
Q

Each individual is a separate organ of the muscular system

A

•.Biceps
• triceps
• gastrocnemius

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20
Q

Endocrine System General Function:

A

•Control of long term activities like growth, metabolism, reproduction, and development
• Production of hormones

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21
Q

Nervous System General Functions:

A

• Coordination and control of all body activities
• Rapid responses to emergency situations

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22
Q

The brain and the spinal cord

A

Central Nervous System

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23
Q

The nerves and ganglia branching from the brain and spinal cord.

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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24
Q

Nerve cells of the PNS that are bringing information to the brain are called:

A

Sensory neurons

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25
Q

Nerve cells that are taking information away from the brain out to muscles and glands are called:

A

Motor nerves

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26
Q

General Functions: Monitor the outside world and the internal environment to allow the body to respond quickly and effectively to any potential dangers or threats.

A

Sensory System

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27
Q

Convert light energy into nerve impulses

A

Photoreceptors

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28
Q

Convert various chemicals in air or water into nerve impulses

A

Chemoreceptors

29
Q

Convert mechanical movements such as vibrations of air or water, pressure, and touch to nerve impulses.

A

Mechanoreceptors

30
Q

Converts heat or cold into nerve impulses

A

Thermoreceptors

31
Q

Circulatory system General Function:

A

Protects body from pathogens

32
Q

The circulatory system consists of a muscular pump ______ and plumbing __________,___________,___________.

A

•The heart
• arteries, capillaries, and veins

33
Q

In birds and mammals, the heart is a double pump with two distinct circuits of blood flow:

A

• Pulmonary circuit
• Systematic circuit

34
Q

The heart first pumps blood to the _________ to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

A

Lungs or gills

35
Q

The oxygenated blood then returns to the heart and is pumped into the systematic circuit through_______.

A

Arteries

36
Q

Are the microscopic vessels that are the actual sites of exchange of materials.

A

The capillaries

37
Q

The deoxygenated blood will travel back to the heart via the ______ which will send it back to the lungs, where it receives oxygen again.

A

Veins

38
Q

Digestive System General Functions:

A

•Physical and chemical digestion of food
• absorption of released nutrients
• collect & eliminate undigested wastes

39
Q

In order, digestion starts off in the 1. _______ with the tongue, salivary glands, and teeth, then to the 2._________ to deliver food to the stomach.

A

1.Oral cavity
2. Esophagus

40
Q

The. _______ breaks down food with gastric acids, then sends them into the 2._______ where 90% of absorption and digestion takes place.

A
  1. Stomach
  2. Small intestine
41
Q

Mist of the water from ingested food is absorbed by the ________.

A

Large intestine (colon)

42
Q

Indigestible waste products enter the __________ in the form of feces.

A

Rectum

43
Q

Fecal matter leaves the body through the _________.

A

Anus

44
Q

For detoxification

A

Liver

45
Q

Which produces enzymes to break down fat.

A

Gall bladder

46
Q

Produces digestive enzymes and converts food to sugar.

A

Pancreas

47
Q

Respiratory system General Function:

A

•O2 and CO2 exchange between blood and air
• speech and vocalization
• sense of smell

48
Q

Excretory/Urinary System General Functions:

A

• removal of metabolic wastes & toxins
• elimination of excess nutrients & excess hormones

49
Q

Filtering blood occurs in the:

A

Kidneys

50
Q

Each kidney is a collection of 1000’s of tiny, which processes small amounts of blood to extract metabolic wastes and excess nutrients.

A

Nephrons

51
Q

Wastes and excess water then travels the ______.

A

Ureters

52
Q

To be stored as urine in the_________.

A

Urinary bladder

53
Q

Urine exits the bladder and out of the body through the _________.

A

Urethra

54
Q

Reproductive System General Functions:

A

• producing germs/sex cells
• production and support of offspring (females)
• propagation of the species

55
Q

The site of a female germ cell (called _______)

A

Ova

56
Q

Production is in the _______.

A

Ovaries

57
Q

Mature ova are released from the ovaries to the__________, where they wait to be fertilized by sperm.

A

Fallopian tube/ oviducts

58
Q

Where the fertilized eggs grow and develop.

A

Uterus

59
Q

When an offspring is about to be born, it passes through the 1._______(found at the “neck’ of the uterus and normally forms a barrier between vagina and uterus, then to the 2.______, then out through the 3. _______.

A
  1. Cervix
  2. Vagina
  3. Vulva (external genitalia)
60
Q

The site of male germ cell called:

A

Spermatozoa/sperm

61
Q

Production in male is in the:

A

Tested

62
Q

Mature sperm leaves the testes through the:

A

Epididymis and vas deferens/sperm duct

63
Q

Accessory male reproductive organs:

A

Seminal vasicles, bulbourethal glands, & prostate gland

64
Q

During ejaculation, sperm is released through the_______.
• It is a common opening for both semen and urine

A

Urethra

65
Q

Male urethra is enclosed by the _______.

A

Penis

66
Q

Skin surrounding the penis.

A

Prepuce

67
Q

Skin covering the tested

A

Scrutom

68
Q

Birds and reptiles have a ________, which is a common chamber of reproduction, digestion and excretion.

A

Cloaca

ZOOLOGY (LABORATORY) (13 decks)

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