Incompatibilities

Question 1

Incompatibilities

Answer 1

Result from undesirable reactions or antagonisms that occur when two or more drugs are compounded together

Question 2

Incompatibilities

Answer 2

Affect the efficacy, safety, and appearance of a med.

Question 3

Incompatibilities can result in

Answer 3

A) modification of the effect of the API, such as an increase in toxicity
B) decrease in solubility or stability

Question 4

IV drugs can’t be mixed with all available IV fluids

Answer 4

True because micro crystals may be formed

Question 5

Incompatibilities

Answer 5

Can occur when some preparations are diluted, eg, CHLOROXYLENOL.

Question 6

Incompatibilities

Answer 6

May result in potentiation of one drug which may be harmful

Question 7

Types of incompatibilities

Answer 7

1. Physical
2. Chemical
3. Therapeutic

Question 8

Tetracycline( antibiotics) + milk or iron preparations =

Answer 8

A non-absorbable complex

Question 9

Physical incompatibilities

Answer 9

Physical changes that when two or more drugs subs. are mixed together

Unsightly, non-uniform products are produced, which makes the removal of accurate dose difficult.

Question 10

Physical incompatibilities are caused by;

Answer 10

1. Immiscibility
2. Insolubility
3. Liquefaction

Question 11

Insolubility

Answer 11

Occurs when solute is insoluble in liquid medium Eg. Chalk, aromatic chalk, scuccinyl- sulphathiazole and sulphadimidine and calamine and zinc etc

Question 12

Insolubility can be solved by

Answer 12

Using a thickening agent

Question 13

Insolubility

Answer 13

Those solutes difficult to wet with water are wetted with wetting agents.
Eg. Corticosteroids, antibiotics, and sulphur.

Question 14

Insolubility

Answer 14

Wetting agents disperse the powder and prevent the formation of a slowly dispersing solid- stabilised foam on shaking.

Question 15

Wetting agents: Saponins

Answer 15

Sulphur containg lotions,

Question 16

Wetting agents: polysorbate

Answer 16

for parenteral suspension of corticosteroids and antibiotics

Question 17

Immiscibilit aryre

Answer 17

Used arthmai

Question 18

Immiscibility

Answer 18

.rather around atgee

Question 19

Liquefaction

Answer 19

Proceeds with eutectic mixture formation

Question 20

Liquefaction subs

Answer 20

1.camphor
2. Thymol
3. Phenol
4. Menthol
5. Aspirin + phenanazone
Note : there’s absolutely no problem dispensing these in other forms aside powders

Question 21

Liquefaction can be solved by

Answer 21

Adding a lot of diluent

Question 22

Liquefaction

Answer 22

Diluents prevent drugs from coming together

Question 23

Characteristics of a good diluent

Answer 23

1. High melting point
2. Large surface area

Question 24

Chemical incompatibilities

Answer 24

Maybe caused by change in ph, double decomposition reaction, complex formation

Question 25

Types of chemical incompatibilities
If product is harmless

Answer 25

1. Adjusted chemical incompatibilities
2. Tolerated chemical incompatibilities

Question 26

Addition a resinous tincture to water=
Formation of indiffusible cloats

Answer 26

Add slowly undiluted tincture to a diluted dispersion of colloid

Question 27

Dispersions of hydrophilic colloids such as polysaccharide mucilage =
Precipitated by high concentrations of alcohol or salt

Answer 27

Prevented by adequate dilution and addition of small amounts with vigorous stirring