CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
“Study of human suffering”
Pathology
Devoted to the study of the structural, biochemical, and functional changes in cells, tissues, and organs that underlie disease.
Pathology
2 major areas of the study of pathology
- General
- Systemic
Is concerned with the reactions of cells and tissues to abnormal stimuli and to inherited defects, which are the main causes of disease
General Pathology
examines the alterations in specialized organs and tissues that are responsible for disorders that involve these organs
Systemic Pathology
Four aspects of a disease process that form the core of pathology
- Etiology
- Pathogenesis
- Morphologic changes
- Clinical manifestations
Sequence of events from the initial stimulus to the ultimate expression of the disease
Pathogenesis
Answers the question: How the disease started?
Pathogenesis
The biochemical and structural alterations induced in the cells and organs of the body
Morphologic changes
What the patient is manifesting; signs, symptoms of disease
Clinical manifestations
The father of Modern Pathology
Rudolph Virchow
State of equilibrium in the body with respect to the various functions and the different chemical composition of the fluids and tissues
Homeostasis
Reversible functional and structural responses to more severe physiologic stresses and some pathologic stimuli, during which new but altered steady states are achieved, allowing the cell to survive and continue to function.
Adaptations
extreme hypoplasia or without growth
Aplasia
T or F. “Cell injury is reversible up to a certain point, but if the stimulus persists or its severe enough from the beginning , the cell suffers irreversible injury and ultimately cell death”.
True
the end result of progressive cell injury, is one of the most crucial events in the evolution of disease in any tissue or organ
Cell death
reduced blood flow
Ischemia
Nutrient deprivation triggers an adaptive cellular response that may also culminate in cell death.
Autophagy
Two principal pathways of cell death
- Necrosis
- Apoptosis