CVS II – Diuretics

Question 1

What are the effects of Aldosterone in the Collecting Duct?

Answer 1

K+ and H+ secretion
Na+ absoprtion at collecting duct
Water reabsoprtion
Na+/K+ ATPase activity

Question 2

Thiazide Diuretics

Describe the Indications and Mech. of Action of Hydrochlorothiazide and Indapamide.

Answer 2

1.Hydrochlorothiazide
2. Indapamide

Indications
Hypertension-low dose

MOA
Decrease TPR/ cause vasodilation.

Question 3

Thiazide Diuretics

Describe the Agents and Adverse Effects of Indapamide and HCTZ
(Thiazide diuretics are Weak diuretics, inhibit NaCl in distal convoluted)

Use Low DOses / MOnotherapy

Answer 3

Adverse Effects
1. Hypokalaemia
2. HYperglycaemia
3. CNS distrubances
4. Hyperuricaemia
5. Increase Skin Cancer Melanoma

Question 4

Describe Pharmokinetics, Uses, A/E of Furosemide

Answer 4

Pharmacokinetics
High ceiling loop diuretics
Inhibit active NaCl
Rapid
Oral or IV
Increase PGE2 synthesis
Uses
Congestive Heart Failure
Acute Pulmonary Oedema
Hypertension
HYpercalcaemia
Avoid non-steroidals(NSAIDS)
Synergisitc with Thiazide Diuretics
Adverse Effects
Hypotension
Hyponatraemia
Alkalosis(H+ secretion)
Mg2+loss
Ototoxic DI
Hyperglycaemia
Hyperucricaemia

Question 5

K+ sparing diuretics

Describe the Agents, MOA, Use, and A/E of Amiloride.

Answer 5

Agents- Triamterene/ Amiloride
MOA- prevent potassium loss
Use= with thiazides to prevent hypokalaemia

a/E- causes hyperkalaemia

Question 6

Describe the MOA, and USe of Spironolactone

Answer 6

Blocks aldosterone actiivity’Used in heart failure(decreases mortality)

Question 7

K+ sparing diuretics.

Describe a/e of Amiloride, Spironalactone and Triamterene in detail.

Answer 7

1. Hyperkalaemia
2. Acidosis
3. Severe hyperkalaemia renal failure’ACE inhbitors
4. ARB’s
5. Beta-blockers

Question 8

When are diuretics used?

Answer 8

1. Oedema
2. Reduce extracellular fluid.
3. Congestive Heart Failure.
4. Renal Disease
5. Hepatic Cirrhosis
6. Treatment of Hypertension

Question 9

Describe the Agents, MOA, Use, and A/E of Triamterene.

Answer 9

Agents- Triamterene/ Amiloride
MOA- prevent potassium loss
Use= with thiazides to prevent hypokalaemia

a/E- causes hyperkalaemia