Pharmacology| Management of Heart Failure

Question 1

Describe non-pharmacological management of Heart failure

Answer 1

1. Education and Counselling
2. Lifestyle Measures:
   a. Salt and water restriction
   b. Sexual Activities
   c. Smoking
   d. Alcohol (Alcohol increase endothelin 1 and 2, and Ang 2, which are vasoconstricitors, causing high blood pressure)
   e. Immunisation
   f. Diet and Nutrition.

Question 2

Describe the Classes of drugs used

Answer 2

1. Diuretics
2. SGLT2 Inhibitors
3. RAAS Inhibitors
4. Non-selective Beta-Blockers
5. Digitalis

Question 3

***DIURETICS

diuretics are the first line treatment to alleviate symptoms
Describe the Mech. of Action and Agents of Loop Diuretics

Answer 3

Mech of Action
Increase Sodium and Water excretion through the thick ascending limb, with rapid onset of action.
Agents
1. Furosemide
2. Bumetanide
3. Torasemide

Question 3

***DIURETICS

Question 4

***DIURETICS

Describe the mech. of action, the Indications and the Agents of Thiazide Diuretics.

Answer 4

Mech of Action
Increase Sodium excretion through cortical diluting segment

Indications-Hypertension

Agents
(BHIM)
1. Beneroflumethiazide
2. Hydrochlorothiazide
3. Indapamine
4. Metolazone

Question 5

Descirbe the Mech. of Action and Agents of Potassium(K+) sparing diuretics

Answer 5

Mech of Action-block the effect of Aldosterone.

Agents-SEAT
1. Spiranolactone
2. Eplerenone
3. Amiloride
4. Triameterene

Question 6

Describe the Optimal Pharmacological Therapy for the management of Heart Failure.

Answer 6

Must include the following(DDABS)
1. Diuretics
2. Digoxin
3. ACE-I or ARBs
4. Beta Blockers
5. Spiranolactone
[Adjunct] Hydralazine and Nitrates.

Question 7

You’re Great
Believe IT

Answer 7

I mean it. You Have it in you