Pharmacology|Calcium Channel Blockers and Direct Vasodilators

Question 1

Describe the Agents, Indications and A/E of Calcium Channel Blockers

Answer 1

{Verapamil and Daltiezem}- Cardio and vascular selective
Indications
1. Angina
2. Hypertension
3. Supraventricular Arrythmias
A/E
1. Pedal Oedema
2. Bradycardia
3. Headache
4. AV Block
{Amlodipine and Nifedipine}
Indications
1. Angina
2. Hypertension
A/E
1. Headache
2. Tachycardia Reflex

Question 2

Describe the Agents, A/E, CI, Indications of Direct Vasodilators

Answer 2

1.{Sodium Nitroprusside}
Indications- Used in Hypertensive emergency to decrease the pre- and afterload of the heart.
IV-admin
2. {Hydralazine}
Indications- Heart Failure(use with Nitrates)
A/E
1. Tachycardia
2. Sodium and Water retension
C/I
1. Sildenafil

Question 3

Nitrates

Describe the Agents, Indications, A/E, and D/I of Nitrates

Answer 3

1.Glyceryl Trinitrate
-Given Orally or IV
2. Isosobide Mononitrate
Indications- Use with Hydralazine in Heart Failure. Also Used in Angina Attack. Acts as a long acting prophylaxis
Use with CCB or Beta blockers
A/E for all Nitrates
1. Tachycardia
2. Hypotension
3. Headache
D/I
1. Sildenafil and PDE-5 Inhibitors

Question 4

Describe the Indications, MOA, Caution and A/E of Dobutamine(positive inotrope)

Answer 4

Indications
1. Acute Heart Failure
2. Acute Renal Failure
MOA
1. B-1 Agonist
2. increase myocardial contraction and hence increases Stroke Volume
A/E
1. Tachycardia
2. Hypertension
3. Headache
CAUTION
Only use for 2 to 3 days