1: Life Functions/Survival Needs

Question 1

Maintaining boundaries

Answer 1

Separation between internal and external environments must exist

Question 2

Plasma membranes

Answer 2

Separation between cells

Question 3

Movement

Answer 3

Muscular system allows movement, either of body parts via skeletal muscles or of substances via cardiac muscle and smooth muscle (blood, digestion, etc)

Question 4

Contractility

Answer 4

Movement at the cellular level

Question 5

Responsiveness

Answer 5

Ability to sense and respond to stimuli (withdrawal reflex, breathing rate, etc)

Question 6

Digestion

Answer 6

Breakdown of ingested foodstuffs, followed by absorption of simple molecules into blood

Question 7

Metabolism

Answer 7

All chemical reactions that occur in body cells

Question 8

Catabolism

Answer 8

Breakdown of molecules

Question 9

Anabolism

Answer 9

Synthesis of molecules

Question 10

Excretion

Answer 10

Removal of waste from metabolism and digestion (urea, carbon dioxide, feces)

Question 11

Reproduction

Answer 11

Division of cells for growth or repair, or production of offspring

Question 12

Growth

Answer 12

Increase of size in a body part or organism

Question 13

Nutrients

Answer 13

Chemicals for energy and cell building

Question 14

Carbohydrates

Answer 14

Main source of energy

Question 15

Protein

Answer 15

Needed for cell building and chemistry

Question 16

Fats/lipids

Answer 16

Long-term energy storage

Question 17

Minerals and vitamins

Answer 17

Involved in chemical reactions and used for structural purposes

Question 18

Oxygen

Answer 18

Essential for release of energy from foods

Question 19

Water

Answer 19

Most abundant chemical in the body, provides liquid environment required for chemical reactions. Fluid base for secretions and excretions

Question 20

Normal body temperature

Answer 20

If body temp falls above or below 37C, chemical reaction rates are affected

Question 21

Atmospheric pressure

Answer 21

Needed for adequate breathing and gas exchange in lungs

Question 22

Homeostasis

Answer 22

Maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions despite environmental changes

Question 23

Receptor

Answer 23

Sensor that monitors environment and responds to stimuli

Question 24

Control center

Answer 24

Determines set point that variables are maintained at, receives input from receptor, determines response

Question 25

Effector

Answer 25

Receives output from control center, provides means to respond, reduces or enhances stimulus

Question 26

Negative feedback

Answer 26

Most-used feedback mechanism in body, response reduces or shuts off stimulus

Question 27

Positive feedback

Answer 27

Response enhances or exaggerates stimulus