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1 IBLS Clinical Path > Anemia > Flashcards

Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

Define anemia

A

Reduction in the concentration of haemoglobin in the blood below the lower limit of normal for a particular age and sex of an individual in a particular environment

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2
Q

What’s the normal value of hemoglobin in male and female?

A

13.5 - 17.5
11.5 - 15.5

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3
Q

Difference between MCV MCH and MCHC

A

MCV is the measure of average volume of RBCs
MCH is a measurement of the average weight of hemoglobin in individual erythrocytes
MCHC is the average concentration of hemoglobin in erythrocytes

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4
Q

Define Red cell distributiom width

A

It is a measure of variability of erythrocyte sizs

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5
Q

Why would we use RDW?

A

RDW is used because MCV is less reliable in describing the erythrocyte population when considerable variation in erythrocyte size occurs

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6
Q

What’s the normal value of RDW?

A

Normal value:11.5-14.5%

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7
Q

Increased value of RDW indicates?

A

ANISOCYTOSIS

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8
Q

Combination of low MCV and high RDW indicates

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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9
Q

RDW is normal in which kind of anemia?

A

Thalassaemia minor

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10
Q

Which have more MCV Rbcs or Reticulocytes?

A

Reticulocytes

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11
Q

Define Reticulocytes

A

Premature RBCs and contain remnants of RibosomalRNA

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12
Q

In case of iron therapy the most effictive test in monitoring it is

A

reticulocytes test

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13
Q

Elevated hematocrit causes (Name 4)

A

Dengue fever
Polycythemia vera
COPD
Hemolyticanemias

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14
Q

Low hematocrit causes

A

Iron deficiency anemia
Leukemia

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15
Q

False Low hematocrit causes

A

Hemodilution
Volumeoverload
pregnancy

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16
Q

False high hematocrit causes

A

Dehydration
Burn spatient
Severe vomiting
If Sample is not mixed properly

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17
Q

Anemia is classified into two classifications. Name them

A

Kinetic Classification of Anemia
Morphologic Classification of Anemia

18
Q

What are the Kinetic Classifications of Anemia

A

Blood loss
Decreased production
Excessive RBCs destruction

19
Q

What are the morphological classification of anemia

A

Normocytic Normochromic
Microcytic Hypochromic
Macrocytic

20
Q

Causes of Microcytic and Hypochromic Anemias

A

1- Iron Deficiency Anemia
2-Thalassaemias
3-Anaemia of Chronic Disorder
4-Sideroblastic Anemia

21
Q

Causes of Normocytic and Normochromic Anaemias

A
  1. Many Hemolytic Anemia
  2. Anemia of Chronic Diseases
  3. Acute blood loss
  4. Mixed Deficiency Anemia
  5. Aplastic Anemia
  6. Bone marrow infiltration as in Lymphomas, Leukameias,etc
22
Q

Causes of Macrocytic Anemias (Name the two types)

A

A- Megaloblastic Macrocytic Anemia:
Megaloblastic Anemia
B- Non megaloblastic Anameia:
1-Haemolytic Anemia
2-Liver Disease
3- Alcohol
4-Aplastic Anemia

23
Q

In Non megaloblastic anemia what appears like Macrocytic cella

A

Reticulocytes will appear as Macrocytic cells

24
Q

Anemia due to blood loss examples

A

Acute blood loss anemia
Chronic blood loss anemia

25
Q

Anemias due to production faliure examples

A

Hematenic deficiency: Iron,Folic Acid and B12
deficiency
- Anemia of chronic disorders: Infection, inflammation, neoplasia, renal failure
- Marrow Hypoplasia: Aplastic Anaemia; Pure red cells Aplasia
- Marrow Infiltration: Leukaemias, Lymphomas, , Myeloproliferative disorders, Myelodysplastic Syndrome

26
Q

Anemias due to excessive RBCs destruction are classified into 2 groups

A

Intracarpuscular Defect (RBCs abnormalities)
Extracarpuscular Defect (outside the blood cell)

27
Q

Intracarpuscular Defect is classified into 2 groups name them with examples

A
  • Congenital
    a. Red blood cells membrane defects: Hereditary Spherocytosis
    b. Enzyme defects: G.6PD Deficiency
    c. Haemoglobinopathies: Thalassaemia; Sickle Cell Anaemia
  • Aquired
    Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobuniria
28
Q

Extracarpuscular Defect is classified into 2 groups name them with examples

A

1- Immune Hemolytic Anaemias:
- Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
- Alloimmune Hemolytic Anemia
II. Non Immune:
- Malaria
- Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia

29
Q

Bone deformities occur in ……?

A

thalassaemia major

30
Q

Koilonychia (spoon shaped nails) is seen in ……?

A

iron deficiency anameia

31
Q

Leg ulcers are a feature of ……?

A

sickle cell anaemia

32
Q

Mild jaundice may occur in ……?

A

haemolytic anaemia

33
Q

Failure of protoporphyrin synthesis causes?

A

sideroblastic anaemia

34
Q

Failure of globin synthesis causes?

A

Alpha or Beta Thalassaemia

35
Q

iron release from macrophages to serum causes?

A

anaemia of chronic inflammation or malignancy

36
Q

Chronic blood loss causes?

A

1- Uterine Bleeding:
-Menorrhagia (excessive menstrual bleeding). - Postmenopausal bleedin
2- Gastrointestinal Bleeding:
- Peptic Ulcer
- Bleeding Haemorrhoids
- Hookworm infestation
- Aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory
drugs ingestion

37
Q

Increased iron demand of iron occurs during?

A

Increased iron demand during infancy, adolescence
Pregnancy lactation and in menstruating women

38
Q

Malabsorption causes?

A

Gluten Induced Enteropathy; Gastrectomy

39
Q

Which patient shows Pica unusual dietary craving?

A

Iron deficiency

40
Q

Labratory diagnosis of IDA (periheral blood)

A

I. Hemoglobin is decreased
II. Red cells indices are decreased.
III. Microcytic and Hypochromic red cell
pencil shaped poikilocytes.
IV. Platelet count is often moderately raised, particularly in cases of localized
bleeding site (reactive thrombocytosis)

41
Q

Labratory diagnosis of IDA (Biochemical Findings)

A

Serum iron is decreased
TIBC is increased
Serum Ferrritin is decreased
Serum transferrin saturation is decreased

42
Q

Labratory diagnosis of IDA (Bone Marrow Findings)

A

Erythroid Hyperplasia

1 IBLS Clinical Path (6 decks)

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