Megaloblastic Anemia Flashcards
Define megaloblastic anemia
caused by asynchronous maturation between the nucleus and the cytoplasm due to DNA synthesis impairment
Name the Two main deficiencies lead to megaloblasstic anaemia
Folic def
V B12 Def
If a patient came showing yellow discoloration that indicates? And what exactly causes that?
Megaloblast ane
due to the excess breakdown of hemoglobin resulting from ineffective erythropoiesis in the bone marrow (unconjugated hyper-bilirubinemia)
What are the functions of V B12
➢ Synthesis of methionine from homocysteine
➢ Conversion of methyl malonyl CoA to succinyl CoA
What are the functions of folic acid
helps your body produce and maintain new cells, and also helps to maintain normal DNA
What are the causes of VB12 def
Decreased intake of Vitamin B12
Malabsorption
Prolonged use of PPI or H2 blockers
Pernicious Anemia
Pathogenesis of PA
autoimmune destruction of gastric mucosa
Chronia atrophic gastritis
Due to anti-intrinsic factor antibodies and anti-parital cell antibodies
Patients of perinicious anemia have increased risk of
Gastric cancer
Peripheral Blood Findings of Pernicious anemia
Anemia
Pancytopenia in severe cases
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Macrocytosis
Special tests for diagnosis of pernicious anemia
Low levels of serum B 12
2. Elevated levels of homocysteine
3. Serum antibodies to intrinsic factor (specific) and anti parietal cell antibodies in serum
- Increase in serum unconjugated bilirubin because of ineffective erythropoiesis
- Increase is LDH
CAUSES OF FOLATE DEFICIENCY
Decreased intake
Increased demand
Malabsorption
Drugs
Clinical findins in patients w megaloblastic anemia
VITMAIN B 12 NEUROPATHY
NUERAL TUBE DEFECT
CARDIOVASCULAR DAMAGE:
