Methods Flashcards

1
Q

What are the important methods for researching children?

A

Observation

Experiments

Interviews

Questionnairs

Archives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What types of observation are there?

A

Naturalistic observation

Participant observation

Archival research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a naturalistic observation?
And what is its advantage?

A

A type of observation where a child is observed in its normal day to day life (high external validity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are problems with observation (with children)?

A

Adults (unknown ones especially) can influence a child’s behaviour

-> reactivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the types of environment a child can be observed in?

A

structured and unstructured environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an experiement?

A

A try to find knowledge by manipulating just one condition while trying to hold the other ones constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When are experiments used?

A

When its difficult to observe something in other settings

For exploring a causal connection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What types of experiments are there?

A

Lab experiments

Field experiments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the order of ease to get information?

A

Archives > Questionnaires > Interviews > Observation > Experiments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What types of Interviews are there?

A

Structured

Semistructured

Unstructured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a questionnaire?

A

A list of closed questions with prepared answers, like a Likert scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a cohort?

A

It is a group of people that have something in common, usually age, that is finer than a generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the problem with researching babies?

A

They cannot talk about their experiences (preverbal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which psychological concepts and techniques are used to research babies?

A

Using methods such as:

Habitualization, conditioning, visual response, physiological and neurophysiological methods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Habitualization?

A

Responding less and less to a repeated stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Violation of Expectation?

A

When a certain (social) expectation is not met. This usually leads to a kind of reaction

17
Q

How can it be measured whether a baby has a kognitive reaction to something (e.g. they like something).

On what assumption is this build upon?

A

Using visual preference!
Babies look at something for longer.

This is build upon the looking time paradigm (Robert Franz)

18
Q

What kind of preferences do babies have?

A

Novelty preference

19
Q

What are physical reactions that can be measured to conclude to a babies cognitive state?

A

Heartbeat (↓ new, ↑ averse)
Cortisol
Brainwaves (EEG)

20
Q

Where does the word “Diagnosis” come from?

A

Dia + Gnosis
Through Knowledge