Chapter 3 : PLANT KINGDOM Flashcards
Whittaker proposed 5 kingdom classification in year________
1969
The earlier systems of classification used only ________ characters such as __________, __________, __________ and ________ etc
Gross superficial morphological, habit, color, number and shape of leaves
Blue green algae is an algae. T/F
F. it is a bacteria
Earlier system was based mainly on ________ or on _________ given by Linnaeus
Vegetative characters, androecium structure
Earlier system given by Linnaeus were natural/artificial, because -
Artificial they separated closely related species and were based on few morphological characters
Artificial system gave equal weightage to ________ and ________
Vegetative and sexual characteristics
Sexual characters and more easily influenced by environment then vegetative characteristics. T/F
F. vegetative characters are more easily influenced
Natural system also consider internal features like - (4)
Ultrastructure, anatomy, embryology and phytochemistry
Natural classification was given by _________ and _________ (NEET)
George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker
Natural system was based on __________ among the organism
Natural affinities
At present, natural system of classification is accepted T/F
F. phylogenetic system is accepted
Classification based on evolutionary relationship is ______ (NEET)
Phylogenetic classification
________ taxonomy is carried out using computers
Numerical
Numerical taxonomy work by assigning number and codes to all __________
Characters
Each character is given weighted importance in numerical taxonomy. T/F
F. equal importance
Hundreds of characters can be considered at the same time in ___________
Numerical taxonomy
Cytotaxonomy is based on -(3)
Chromosome number, structure and behavior
_________ uses chemical constituents of plants to resolve confusion
Chemotaxonomy
First terrestrial plants to possess vascular bundles were-
Pteridophyta
Algae are simple/complex and _______ in structure
Simple, thalloid
Algae are not found in marine environment. T/F
F. found in both fresh water and marine
Example of animal associating with algae -
Sloth bear
Unicellular from of algae ex - (1)
Chlamydomonas
Colonial form of algae ex (1)-(NEET 2017)
Volvox
Filamentous form ALGAE ex (2) -
Ulothrix and Spirogyra
Marine form ALGAE ex (1) -
Kelp
Kelps form massive plant bodies. T/F
T
Methods of reproduction of algae is - (3)
Vegetative, asexual and sexual
Algae don’t reproduce by sexual method. T/F
F
Vegetative reproduction in algae is by-
Fragmentation
Most common asexual spore of algae is -
Zoospore
Zoospores are cilated T/F
F, they are flagellated
Flagellated isogametes for sexual reproduction found in (1)
Ulothrix
Non-flagellated isogametes are found in ex (1)-(NEET 2013)
Spirogyra
Example of ansegamous conditions - (NEET)
Eudorina
Ex of oogamous condition (2)-(NEET)
Volvox, Fucus
Draw and lable The algae: Volvox
Green Agae
Voliball Like:
1. Daughter colony
2. Parent Clony
Draw and lable The algae: Ulothrix
Green Algae
Ladder Like:
Draw and lable The algae: Porphyra
Red Algae
Flat leaf like :
1. Frond
Draw and lable The algae: Chara
Green Algae
CCCCCC Like:
1. Bramches
2. Axis
Draw and lable The algae: Fucus
Brown algae
Few Branches like:
1. Air Bladder
2.Frond
3. Midrib
4. holdfast
Draw and lable The algae: Dictyota
Brown Algae
Dicot plant’s root like:
1. Frond
2. Stipe
Draw and lable The algae: Laminaria
Brown algae
Leaf like str. :
1. fround
2. stripe
3. holdfast
At least _____% of total CO2 on earth is fixed by algae
50%
However they are not able to increase the level of dissolved oxygen in their surroundings instead they increase the BOD (biological oxygen demand) T/F (NEET-II 2016)
F. increase level of Dissolved oxygen
They produce energy-rich compounds. T/F
T
No of species of marine algae used as food is (NEET 2016)
70
Tell 3 examples of marine algae used as food - (NEET)
Porphyra, laminaria, sargassum
Water holding substance called _______ is produced by ________ and ________ types of algae
hydrocolloid, red and brown
Hydrocolloids are produced by fresh water algae. T/F
F. marine algae. hydrocolloid, red and brown
Example of hydrocolloids are - (2)
Algin and carrageen
Algin is produced by - (NEET 2016, 2021, 2022)
Brown algae
Red algae
Red algae
Agar is obtained from _______ & ________ (NEET-II 2016)
Gelidium and Gracillaria
Agar is used to grow _______ and in preparation of ________ & ________ (NEET)
microbes, ice creams, and jellies
Chlorella is multicellular. T/F (NEET)
F. unicellular
Chlorella is rich in _______ used by space travelers. (NEET)
protein
CHLOROPHYCEAE Commonly called -
Green algae
CHLOROPHYCEAE Plant body maybe of 3 forms. Name them.
Unicelluar, colonial or filamentous
CHLOROPHYCEAE dominance of which two pigment?
Chl a and b
Chloroplast in green algae can’t be ribbon shaped T/F
F
Shapes of chloroplast in green algae (6) -
Discoid plate-like, reticulate, cup-shaped spiral and ribbon shaped
In CHLOROPHYCEAE Storage body located in chloroplasts are called _______
Pyrenoids
Pyrenoids don’t contain protein. T/F
False, contain protein & starch both
Some algae may store food in the form of oil droplets. T/F
T
Green algae cell wall is made of inner layer of _______ and outer layer of ________
Cellulose, pectose
In CHLOROPHYCEAE Vegetative rep take place by _______ or _________
Fragmentation or spores
In CHLOROPHYCEAE Asexual reproduction take place by non-flagellated spores. T/F
F. by flagellated spores
The zoospore are produced in ________
Zoosporangia
Green algae are only isogamous and anisogamous in nature. T/F (NEET 2013)
F. can be isogamous, anisogamous or oogamous
CHLOROPHYCEAE Examples (5)
Spirogyra, ulothrix, volvox, Chara, Chlamydomonas (Mnemonic-SUV Car Chalaya ?)
Phaeophyceae are found particularly in marine habitats. T/F
True
In PHAEOPHYCEAE Filamentous form found in (1) -
Ectocarpus
In PHAEOPHYCEAE Profusely branched form are ______ which may reach a height of ______m.
Kelps, 100m
In PHAEOPHYCEAE Pigments present - (4) (NEET)
Chl a, c, carotenoids, xanthophyll
Brown algae can be olive green. T/F
True
In PHAEOPHYCEAE The colour vary from olive green to brown depending upon the amount of _________ which is a type of _________ pigment. (NEET 2022)
Fucoxanthin, Xanthophyll
in PHAEOPHYCEAE Food is stored in the form of _______ or _________ (NEET 2021 & 22)
Laminarin or mannitol
In PHAEOPHYCEAE The vegetative cells have a _______ wall covered from outside by _______
Cellulosic, algin
________ is a gelatinous coating.
Algin
The plant body is attached to substratum by ______ and has a stalk called _______
Holdfast, stipe
In PHAEOPHYCEAE Leaf like photosynthetic organ is called -
Frond
In PHAEOPHYCEAE Vegetative rep happen by-
Fragmentation
In PHAEOPHYCEAE Asexual rep happen by uni/biflagellate ________ which are ________ shaped (NEET)
Biflagellate zoospore, pear (pyriform)
In PHAEOPHYCEAE zoospores have one/two, equal/unequal and medially/laterally attached flagella
Two, unequal, laterally
Isogamous sexual rep is not seen in phaeophyceae. T/F
F. all 3 types are seen
In PHAEOPHYCEAE Gametes are _____ shaped and bear one/two cilla/flagella medially/laterally attached.
Pyriform, two, flagella, laterally
PHAEOPHYCEAE Example (5) - (NEET 2021 & 22)
Sargassum Ectocarpus, Laminaria, Fucus,
Dictyota - (Mnemonic - SELFie le ke DP lagao) Rhodophyceae
In RHODOPHYCEAE Red due to presence of pigment -
R- phycoerythrin
In RHODOPHYCEAE Majority are fresh water. T/F
F. majority marine.
RHODOPHYCEAE are found in greater conc. in cooler/warmer areas
warmer
RHODOPHYCEAE are found mostly in great depths in oceans and not in lighted areas. T/F
F. occur in both well-lighted regions and great depths in oceans
In RHODOPHYCEAE Food is stored as _______ which is similar to _______ and in structure (NEET 2020 & 22)
Floridean starch, amylopectin and glycogen
In RHODOPHYCEAE Vegetative rep by ________
Fragmentation
In RHODOPHYCEAE reproduce asexually by biflagellate zoospores. T/F (NEET)
F. by non-motile spores
In RHODOPHYCEAE Sexually by non-motile spore, T/F
F. by non-motile gamete, not spore
In RHODOPHYCEAE are complex post fertilisation events.
Red algae
