Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BioHack > Chapter 21 : NEURAL CONTROL AND COORDINATION > Flashcards

Chapter 21 : NEURAL CONTROL AND COORDINATION Flashcards

1
Q

Neural system is composed of networks of neurons in

A

Hydra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Brain is absent in insects.T/F

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Two divisions of human neural systems are

A

CNS and PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CNS include

A

Brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The type of nerve fibre in PNS are

A

Afferent and efferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The two divisions of pns are

A

Somatic and autonomic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Function of somatic and autonomic nervous systems are

A

Somatic – relay impulse from CNS to skeletal muscle
autonomic – relays impulses from CNS to involuntary organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

AND divided into

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Draw structure of a neuron

A
  1. Dentritis 0 2. Nissills granules 03. Cell body 04. Nucleus 05. Schwan cell 06. Axon 07. Myelin sheath 08. Node of Ranvier 09. Axon terminal 10. Synaptic knob
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Visceral nervous system is a part of

A

Pns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Visceral nervous system comprises of

A

Whole Complex of nerves, fibres, ganglia and palaces by which impulses travel from the CNS to viscera and from Viscera to CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dendrites also contain nissills granules.T/F

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Axon terminate as a____like structure called____

A

Bulb, synaptic knob

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Multipolar neurons found in

A

Cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bipolar neurons found in

A

Retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Unipolar found in

A

Embryonic stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pseudo unipolar found in

A

Dorsal root ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Multipolar neurons have have single Axons.T/F

A

False single Axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Unipolar neurons have one dendrite.T/F

A

False, 1 Axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In pns myelinated fibres are______. (NEET)

A

Schwann cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In CNS myelinated fibres are evolved with_____

A

Oligodendrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The gap between two adjacent myelin sheath are called

A

Node of ranvier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Unmyelinated nerve fibres are not enclosed by schwann cells.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Unmyelinated nerves are commonly found in autonomous and somatic neural system.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Potential changes of nerve impulse

A
  1. Threshold, 02. D polarization 03. Rivers of polarization 04. Repolarization, 05. Hyperpolarization 06. Resting potential
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

At resting state, neuron is permeable to K +.T/F

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Na+ - K+ pump transport____ Na+ out and___ K+ in the cell.

A

3Na+, 2K+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What happens when stimulus is applied to a neuron

A

Membrane become freely permeable to na+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Saltatory conduction cause fast/slow conduction

A

Fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Draw a diagram of axon terminal and synapse

A
  1. Exam 02. Axon terminal 03. Synaptic vessel 04. Presynaptic membrane 04. Synaptic cleft 04. Postsynaptic membrane 05. Receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Synapse is formed by

A

The membranes of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons and synaptic cleft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Synaptic cleft may be absent in some cases.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The two type of synapses are

A

Electrical and chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Electrical synapse is fast/ slow then Chemical synapse. (NEET 2022)

A

Fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Electrical current can flow directly from one neuron into the other across the electrical synapse.T/F (NEET 202)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Chemical synapse are use neurotransmitters.T/F (NEET 2022)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Membrane of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons are in closely proximity in____synapse. (NEET 2022)

A

Electrical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Lot of electrical synapsis are present in pns.T/F

A

False, electrical synapsis are rare in humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

The new potential developed by sending the neurotransmitter can be inhibitory

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Name three cranial meninges from outside to inside

A

Dura Mater, Arachnoid, Pia Mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Arachnoid is a thick layer. T/F

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

A sagittal section of the human brain is shown in diagram identify it

A

X. Four brain, Y. Midbrain, Z. Hindbrain; 01. Cerebral hemisphere, 0 2. Corpus collision 03. Cerebral aqueduct 04. Cerebral, 05. Thalamus 06. Hypothallus 07. Pons 08. cerebral, 09. Medulla, 10. Spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

The three parts of brain are

A

Forbrain, Midbrain and Hindbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Forbrain consists of

A

Cerebral, thalamus and hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

The hemisphere are connected by tract of nerve fibres called _________. (NEET)

A

Corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

The layer of cells which covers the cerebral hemisphere is called _________

A

Cerebral cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Cerebral cortex is white/grey matter.

A

Grey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Cerebral cortex is thrown into prominent folds. T/F

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Why cerebral cortex is grey?

A

neuron cell bodies are concentrated there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Areas of cerebral cortex are

A

Sensory area, mortar area and association areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Function of association area are

A

intersensory associations, memory and communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What are tracts?

A

nerve fibers in CNS are called tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Fibers of tracts are present in inner/outer part of cerebral hemisphere.

A

inner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

The cerebrum wraps around _________

A

Thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

___________ is the major relay centre in the brain

A

Thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Sensory and all motor signals of the brain must pass through __________

A

Thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Body temp, urge of eating and drinking is controlled by _________ (NEET)

A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Limbic system is formed by - (NEET)

A

amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, and cingulate gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Limbic system regulate

A

I. sexual behavior, II. excitement, III. pleasure, IV.
rage, V. fear, VI. motivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

___________ convert short-term memory to long-term memory.

A

Hippocampus (Out of NCERT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Midbrain is located between-

A

thalamus/hypothalamus of the forebrain and pons of the hindbrain

62
Q

A canal called _________ passes through midbrain

A

Cerebral aqueduct

63
Q

The ventral/dorsal portion of midbrain consist of 4 round swelling called

A

Dorsal, corpora quadrigemina

64
Q

The hindbrain comprises

A

Pons, medulla and cerebellum

65
Q

________ consists of fibre tracts that interconnect different regions of the brain

A

Pons

66
Q

The medulla contains centres which control. (NEET)

A

respiration, cardiovascular reflexes and gastric secretions

67
Q

_______ have a very convoluted surface

A

Cerebellum

68
Q

_________ forms the connection between brain and spinal cord

A

Medulla

69
Q

The 3 regions which made up the brainstem is

A

Midbrain, pons and medulla

69
Q

A diagrammatic presentation of reflex action, Identify the actions

A

X-Stimulus, Y- Response: A - Muscle spindle (receptor), B - Afferent pathway, C - Dorsal root ganglion, D - White
matter, E - Gray matter, F - Interneuron, G-Motor neuron. H-Efferent pathway, I- Motor end plate (effector)

70
Q

Nose receptors are _______ coated and called ________.

A

Mucus, olfactory receptors

71
Q

The 3 kinds of cells in olfactory receptors are

A

Olfactory receptor cell supporting cell basal cell

72
Q

Olfactory epithelium extend from outside environment directly into broad _______ sized organs called_________ .

A

bean, olfactory bulb

72
Q

________ are extensions of the limbic system.

A

Olfactory bulb

73
Q

Tongue have _______ receptor.

A

Gustatory receptors

74
Q

The 3 types of cell in taste receptors are

A

Gustatory receptor cell, supporting cell basal cell

75
Q

Adult human eye is an absolute spherical structure.T/F

A

F. nearly spherical

76
Q

Eyes are located in sockets of the skull called _________

A

Orbits

77
Q

Parts of an eye is shown in Diga, Identify

A

A-Aqueous chamber, B - Vitreous chamber, C-Fovea, D-Blind spot. E-Optic Optic nerve
F-Choroid, G-Sclera. H - Retina. I - Ciliary body
J-Cornea, K-Lens, L- Iris

78
Q

The 3 layers of the wall of eyeball are (NEET)

A

Sclera, choroid and retina

79
Q

Sclera is composed of which type of connective tissue?

A

Dense connective tissue

80
Q

The anterior portion of sclera is called_________ .

A

Cornea

81
Q

The choroid looks ________ in colour

A

Bluish

82
Q

The choroid is thick over anterior/posterior one-third/two-third of the eyeball.

A

Anterior, one-third

82
Q

Choroid anteriorly form

A

Ciliary body

83
Q

Iris is a continuation of ________

A

Ciliary body

84
Q

Iris is opaque. T/F

A

T

85
Q

Iris is pigmented. T/F

A

T

86
Q

The lens is held in place by __________ attached to __________ (NEET)

A

Ligaments, ciliary body

87
Q

Structure surrounded by iris is called ________ .

A

Pupil

88
Q

Diameter of pupil is regulated by -

A

iris

88
Q

The 3 layers of cells of retina from inside to outside are _______

A

ganglion cells, bipolar cells and photoreceptor cells

89
Q

The 2 types of photoreceptor cells are (NEET)

A

Rod and cones

90
Q

The light sensitive proteins are called_________ .

A

Photopigments

91
Q

Twilight vision is also called ________ vision.

A

Scotopic

92
Q

Twilight vision is a fxn of cones. T/F

A

F. rods

92
Q

Rod contains a _________ coloured protein called. which contains a derivative of (NEET)

A

purple-red Rhodopsin or visual purple, vitamin A

93
Q

The 3 types of cones are

A

Blue, green and red cones

94
Q

Optic nerve leave at a point medial/lateral to and slightly above/below the posterior pole of the eyeball

A

Medial, slightly above

95
Q

_________ are not present in that region and hence it is called the _________ (NEET)

A

Photoreceptor cells, blind spot

96
Q

Lateral to blind spot, there is a yellowish pigmented spot called__________ with a central pit called _________

A

Macula lutea, fovea

97
Q

Visual acuity is maximum at - (NEET)

A

Fovea

98
Q

Visual acuity means

A

resolution

99
Q

At fovea, both rods and cones are densely packed. T/F (NEET)

A

F

100
Q

Space between cornea and lens is called _______ and between lens and retina is called ________

A

Aqueous chamber, vitreous chamber

101
Q

Aqueous humor is thicker than vitreous humor. T/F

A

F

102
Q

Photopigments are composed of ________ and _______ (NEET)

A

Opsin and retinal

103
Q

Retinal is a aldehyde/ketone of vitamin A. (NEET)

A

Aldehyde

104
Q

Light cause change in the structure of opsin/retinal.

A

Opsin

105
Q

2 sensory functions of ear -

A

hearing & balance

106
Q

A diagrammatic view of an ear is shown in DigaQ. 7. Label A to J.

A

A-Pinna. B - Temporal bone,
C-Malleus, D-Incus, E-Stapes, F-Cochlear nerve, G-Cochlea. H - Eustachian tube, I- Tympanic membrane, J - External auditory canal

107
Q

Outer ear consist of (2)

A

A-Reissner’s membrane, B - Scala media, C - Organ of corti. D - Basilar membrane,
E - Scala tympani, F- Tectorial membrane, G-Scala vestibuli

108
Q

A sectional view of cochlea is shown in DigaQ. 8. Label A to G.

A

Pinna and external auditory meatus

109
Q

Function of pinna

A

Pinna and external auditory meatus

110
Q

Tympanic membrane is also called

A

ear drum

111
Q

The tympanic membrane is composed of ________ covered with _________ outside and with ________ inside

A

Pinna and meatus

111
Q

Fine hairs & wax secreting glands are present in the skin of ________ and ________ .

A

Connective tissue, skin, mucous membrane

112
Q

Name the 3 ossicles-

A

Mallus, incus, stapes

113
Q

Stapes is attached to the round window of cochlea. T/F

A

F

114
Q

Ear ossicles function -

A

Amplify the sound

115
Q

Stapes is attached to oval/round window

A

oval

115
Q

Function of ear ossicles

A

increase efficiency of transmission of sound waves

116
Q

Eustachian tube connect ______ with _______

A

Middle ear with pharynx

117
Q

Bony labyrinth lies inside the membranous labyrinth. T/F

A

connects middle ear cavity with pharynx

118
Q

Function of eustachian tube

A

Bony and membranous labyrinth

118
Q

Name the 2 parts of Labyrinth

A

F

119
Q

The coiled portion of labyrinth is called -

A

Endolymph, perilymph

120
Q

Membranous labyrinth is filled with __________ and surrounded by ___________

A

Cochlea

121
Q

Scala vestibuli end at ________ window.

A

reissner’s and basilar membrane

121
Q

Scala media is filled with

A

Endolymph

121
Q

Name the 2 membranes found in cochlea.

A

Oval window

121
Q

The hair cells are present in rows on the internal/external side of organ of corti.

A

Round window

121
Q

Scala tympani end at _______ window.

A

Basilar, hair cells

121
Q

Organ of corti is located on _________ membrane which contains _________ which act as auditory receptor.

A

internal

121
Q

_________ are projected from apical part of hair cell.

A

Basal

121
Q

The apical/basal end of the hair cell is in close contact with afferent nerve fiber.

A

Stereo cilla

122
Q

___________ is the sensory part of saccule and utricle.

A

Thin, tectorial membrane

122
Q

Thick/thin elastic membrane called _______ is present above hair cell.

A

Semi-circular, otolith

122
Q

Vestibular apparatus is composed of three _______ and ________

A

Saccule and utricle

122
Q

Otolith organs consist of

A

Macula

123
Q

The membranous canals are suspended in the endolymph/perilymph of the bony canals.

A

endolymph

123
Q

The base of canal is swollen and is called

A

Ampulla

123
Q

The projecting ridge of saccule and utricle is

A

Crista ampullaris

124
Q

________ and ________ have hair cells.

A

Macula

124
Q

The crista maintains the dynamic/static balance of the body.

A

Crista ampullaris and macula

124
Q

Ampulla contains a projecting ridge called

A

F. basilar membrane

125
Q

The waves in the lymphs induce a ripple in the reissner’s membrane which bend the hair cells. T/F

A

Dynamic

125
Q

The otolith organ maintains the dynamic/static balance of the body.

A

Static

125
Q

Vestibular apparatus is important for - (NEET)

A

Maintenance of balance and posture of body

126
Q

The movement in the membrane bend the hair cells, pressing them against the

A

Basilar, tectorial membrane

127
Q

Cranial nerve involved in hearing is

A

BioHack (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions