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neurobiology > Lecture 2: Ventricular system and function > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Ventricular system and function Flashcards

1
Q

What ventricle separates the 2 telencephalons?

A

2 lateral ventricles

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2
Q

What separates the telencephalon from the diencephalon?

A

3rd ventricle

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3
Q

Dorsal separation and expansion of the metencephalon and myelencephalon create the____________

A

floor of the 4th ventricle

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4
Q

All parts of the lateral ventricle following expansion of the telencephalon is a part of the limbic lobe except the ______

A

posterior horn

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5
Q

What’s the bird’s eye?

A

interthalamic adhesion

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6
Q

What is the interventricular foramen better known as the foramen of Monro?

A

the connection of the lateral ventricle to the 3rd ventricle
-it allows flow of CSF between the two ventricles

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7
Q
  1. Importance of the brain-blood barrier (BBB)?
  2. Tight junction of ____________ cells in capillary.
A

protects the brain from harmful substances and maintains a stable environment for proper brain function.
-endothelial

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8
Q

Choroid plexus is ONLY in the __________

A

ventricles

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9
Q

Are the following statements true or false?
The BBB does not restrict movement between blood and the brain.
The Choroid plexus restricts controlled exchange of substances between blood and CSF.

A

false: BBB does restrict movement for protection
false: does not restrict controlled exchange

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10
Q
  1. How much active secretion of CSF daily?
  2. How much is maintained?
A

200-500 ml daily
150ml

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11
Q

What is the function of CSF: 6

A

maintains brain structure through buoyancy
decrease 97% gravity (140g-40g)
shock absorption
regulate chemical environment
waste exchange
nutrition

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12
Q

The brain will _________ without buoyancy which CSF creates.

A

collapse

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13
Q

Strict directional circulation entirely replaces CSF _______

A

1-3x daily

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14
Q

The circulation of CSF is affected by heart ventricular _______ and _______.

A

systole and diastole

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15
Q

What is the direction of CSF circulation during systole:

A

cranial-caudal direction –> out of ventricles (top to bottom)

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16
Q

What is the direction of CSF circulation during diastole:

A

caudal-cranial direction –> draining to superior sagittal sinus

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17
Q

If the CSF is blocked it can lead to ___________

A

hydrocephalus

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18
Q

The CSF mainly drains into the dural sinuses through a network of structures called ___________

A

arachnoid granulations

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19
Q

The following statement is true or false:
The arachnoid granulations act as a two-way valve, allowing CSF to flow from subarachnoid space into dural sinuses.

A

false: one-way valve: cant flow back from SSS

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19
Q

CSF ciruclation:

A

lateral venticle –> foramen of Monro —> 3rd ventricle —> cerebral aqueduct –> 4th ventricle —-> formania of luschka —> subarachnoid space over brain and spinal cord

-reabsorption into venous sinus blood via arachnoid granulations

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20
Q

Dura mater is the ___________ layer and is between: ________ & ______ , _______ space

A

outermost layer and between the arachnoid mater & skull, potential space

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21
Q

Which two layers form the dura mater:

A

periosteal and meningeal layers

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22
Q

The falx cerebri is the largest and most prominent fold which separates the ___________

A

2 cerebral hemispheres

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23
Q

The falx cerebelli is a small vertical fold that is located in the __________

A

posterior sulcus of cerebellum

24
Q

The tentorium cerebelli is a tent-like fold that extends horizontally separating the _________ & ________ lobes from the ________

A

occipital and temporal; cerebellum

25
Q

What separates the hypophyseal fossa?

A

diaphragma sellae: circular sheet covering the superior opening

26
Q

Arachnoid mater is _________ like thin delicate layer
Within the arachnoid mater the arachnoid ______________ helps tether the brain within the cranium for ________

A

web-like
trabeculae; buoyancy

27
Q

Labeling the following 1-8:

A
  1. Epidural space
  2. Subdural space
  3. Subarachnoid space
  4. Bone of skull
  5. Dura mater
  6. Arachnoid mater
  7. Pia mater
  8. Brain
28
Q

Directly covering the brain _______ mater

A

pia

29
Q

List the following dura venous system: sinuses 1-6:

A
  1. superior sagittal sinus
  2. inferior sagittal sinus
  3. straight sinus
  4. transverse sinus
  5. confluence of sinuses
  6. occipital sinus
30
Q

Which meningeal folding is each sinus located in:
a. sup. & inf. sagittal sinus:
b. straight sinus
c. occipital sinus
d. confluence is a gathering of above sinus except:

A

a. falx cerebri
b. tentorium cerebelli
c. falx cerebelli
d. ISS

31
Q

The sensory supply of the dura mater is mainly innervated by:
_______V1: supplies
_______V2: supplies
_______V3: supplies

A

CN V: Trigeminal N.
ophthalmic: ant. cranial fossa and all above tentorium cerebelli
maxillary: ant. and middle cranial fossa
mandibular: ant. and middle cranial fossa

32
Q

How does the posterior cranial fossa get innervated?
What common condition can be rooted from the pos. cranial fossa?

A

C2/C3 along or through CN X & XII
cervicalgia and headache/migraine

33
Q

The following statement is true or false:
There is no sensory input in the arachnid or pia mater.

A

True

34
Q

Blood supply to the brain:
____% body weight, __% of blood supply
-ant. division is supplied by:
-post. division is supplied by:

A

2%, 20%
ICA
vertebral basilar a.

35
Q

What are the two main branches that come off of the internal carotid artery:

A

anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA)

36
Q

What major artery branches from the vertebral artery

A

post. inf. cerebellar artery (PICA)

37
Q

What major arteries branch from the basilar artery:

A

ant. inf. cerebellar artery (AICA)
sup. cerebellar artery (SCA)
posterior cerebellar artery (PCA)

38
Q

The MCA is a part of the circle of Willis. True or False?

A

False; no involvement

39
Q

Cerebral Cortex Blood Supply:
1. medial/sup. frontal and parietal lobes plus cingulate gyrus:
2. lateral frontal/parietal lobes, superior temporal lobe:
3. inferior temporal lobe and occipital lobe:

A
  1. ACA
  2. MCA
  3. PCA
40
Q

Precentral gyrus: primary ______
Postcentral gyrus: pirmary ___________

A

motor cortex M1
somatosensory cortex S1

41
Q

Which of the following arteries is most commonly impaired with stroke S&S which results in function compromise?

A

MCA

42
Q

Name the following condition based on the information provided:
An 87-year-old suffered a stroke in inf. temporal lobe and occipital lobe resulting in a blockage of the PCA which affected their visual field.

A

Homologous hemianopia
memory/emotion/visual processing

43
Q

Perforating branches are located within the ___________ in the circle of Willis.
These branches are important because they provide connection between ___________ & _________

A

Diencephalon
cerebral cortex and basal nuclei

44
Q

Cortical stroke is more functional loss compared to stroke of the basal nuclei. True or False?

A

False: basal nuclei stroke is more functional loss

45
Q

PCA branches supply the _________ with the diencephalon.

A

thalami

46
Q

Medial striatal artery from the ______ whereas the Lenticulostriate artery is from the _______

A

ACA; MCA

47
Q

______ control center for homeostasis, life, and death.

A

hypothalamus

48
Q

Simplified mapping of the sensory and motor portions of the brain with relative size and control of body parts.

A

somatotopy/homunculus

49
Q

Brain stem blood supply:
Midbrain:
Pons:
Medulla:

A

PCA, SCA
pontine branches, AICA
vertebral artery, PICA

50
Q

Name the following condition based on the information provided:
An 85-year-old suffered a R sided stroke in the lateral frontal/parietal lobes, and superior temporal lobe resulting in a blockage of the MCA which affected their:

A

spatial orientation, L-side neglect
contralateral upper limb/head sensory/motor impairment

51
Q

A 78-year-old suffered a stroke in the medial/superior frontal and parietal lobes plus cingulate gyrus resulting in a blockage of the ACA which affected their:

A

contralateral lower limb sensory/motor impairment
Cognition/behavioral/emotions

52
Q

What are the main function loss of the basal nuclei?

A

cognition/psychonmotor/affective
homoesatais, life and death (thalamus)

52
Q

Where are the CN origins:
Midbrain:
Pons:
Medulla:

A

midbrain- CN: III, IV
pons- CN: V, VI, VIII,VIII
medulla- CN: IX, X, XI

53
Q
A
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55
Q
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neurobiology (15 decks)

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