C1 HistoPath

Question 1

Metaplasia that pertains to the formation of bones in muscles

Answer 1

myositis ossificans

Question 2

a form of necrosis in which the architecture of dead tissues is preserved for a span of at least some days

Answer 2

Coagulative necrosis

Question 3

an increase in the number of cells in an organ or
tissue, usually resulting in increased mass of the organ or tissue.

Answer 3

Hyperplasia

Question 4

usually applied to a limb, generally the lower leg, that has lost its blood supply and has undergone necrosis (typically coagulative necrosis) involving
multiple tissue planes

Answer 4

Gangrenous necrosis

Question 5

A localized area of coagulative necrosis

Answer 5

infarct.

Question 6

a special form of necrosis
usually seen in immune reactions involving blood
vessels.

Answer 6

Fibrinoid necrosis

Question 7

Decreased nutrients, decreased stimulation

Answer 7

Atrophy

Question 8

reduced size of an organ or tissue resulting from a
decrease in cell size and number.

Answer 8

Atrophy

Question 9

This pattern of necrosis typically occurs when complexes of antigens and antibodies are deposited in the walls of arteries.

Answer 9

Fibrinoid necrosis

Question 10

end result of progressive cell injury

Answer 10

Cell death

Question 11

prolonged moderate hypoxia, such as that produced
by profound anemia, causes intracellular deposits of
fat, which create grossly apparent bands of yellowed
myocardium alternating with bands of darker, redbrown, uninvolved myocardium

Answer 11

tigered effect)

Question 12

are reversible functional and
structural responses to more severe physiologic stresses and
some pathologic stimuli, during which new but altered steady
states are achieved, allowing the cell to survive and continue
to function

Answer 12

Adaptations

Question 13

a pathway of cell death that is induced by a tightly regulated suicide program in which cells destined to die activate enzymes that degrade the cells’ own nuclear DNA and nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins.

Answer 13

Apoptosis

Question 14

results from decreased protein synthesis and increased
protein degradation in cells

Answer 14

Atrophy

Question 15

caused by excesses
of hormones or growth factors acting on target cells

Answer 15

Hyperplasia

Question 16

result of increased production of cellular proteins

Answer 16

Hypertrophy

Question 17

4 Aspects of Disease Process

Answer 17

1. Etiology
2. Pathogenesis
3. Molecular And Microscopic
4. Clinical Manifestations

Question 18

A type of hyperplasia which increases tissue mass after damage or partial resection

Answer 18

Compensatory hyperplasia

Question 19

result of denaturation of intracellular proteins and enzymatic digestion of the lethally injured cell

Answer 19

Necrosis

Question 20

Steatosis and fatty change describe abnormal accumulations of triglycerides within parenchymal cells

Answer 20

Lipids

Question 21

a reversible change in which one differentiated cell
type (epithelial or mesenchymal) is replaced by another cell type.

Answer 21

Metaplasia

Question 23

refer to the structural alterations in cells or tissues
that are either characteristic of a disease or diagnostic of an
etiologic process.

Answer 23

Molecular and Morphologic Changes.

Question 24

cheeselike

Answer 24

Caseous necrosis

Question 25

a normal phenomenon that serves to eliminate cells that are no longer needed, and to maintain a steady
number of various cell populations in tissues.

Answer 25

Apoptosis

Question 26

Accumulation of this substance in the liver may result from excessive entry or defective metabolism and export of lipids

Answer 26

Triglycerides

Question 27

Chronic irritation

Answer 27

Metaplasia

Question 29

A type of hyperplasia that increases the functional capacity of a tissue when needed

Answer 29

Hormonal hyperplasia

Question 30

a deficiency of oxygen,
which causes cell injury by reducing aerobic oxidative respiration.

Answer 30

Hypoxia

Question 31

Chemical species that have a single unpaired electron in an outer orbit

Answer 31

Free Radicals

Question 32

refers to the sequence of
events in the response of cells or tissues to the etiologic agent,
from the initial stimulus to the ultimate expression of the disease.

Answer 32

Pathogenesis

Question 33

When bacterial infection is
superimposed there is more liquefactive necrosis
because of the actions of degradative enzymes in the bacteria and the attracted leukocytes (giving rise to
so-called ____

Answer 33

wet gangrene)

Question 34

Common example of Metaplasia from squamous to columnar type

Answer 34

Barret’s esophagus

Question 35

characterized by digestion of the dead cells, resulting in transformation of the tissue into a liquid viscous mass

Answer 35

Liquefactive necrosis

Question 36

result of growth factor–driven proliferation of mature cells and, in some cases, by increased output of new
cells from tissue stem cells.

Answer 36

Hyperplasia

Question 37

encountered most often in
foci of tuberculous infection

Answer 37

Caseous necrosis

Question 38

Cellular Adaptation: embryonic structures, such as the notochord and thyroglossal duct

Answer 38

Atrophy

Question 39

the necrotic area appears as a collection of fragmented or lysed cellsand amorphous granular debris enclosed within a distinctive infl mmatory border; this appearance is characteristic of a focus of inflammation known as a granuloma

Answer 39

Caseous necrosis

Question 40

result of a reprogramming of stem cells that are known to exist in normal tissues, or of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells present in connective tissue

Answer 40

Metaplasia

Question 41

refers to an increase in the size of cells, resulting in an increase in the size of the organ.

Answer 41

Hypertrophy

Question 42

cellular swelling and fatty change in light microscope

Answer 42

Reversible injury

Question 43

The necrotic material is frequently creamy yellow because of the presence of dead leukocytes and is called pus.

Answer 43

Liquefactive necrosis

Question 44

most common stimulus for hypertrophy of muscle

Answer 44

increased workload

Question 45

refers to focal areas of fat destruction, typically resulting from release of activated pancreatic lipases into the substance of the pancreas and the peritoneal cavity

Answer 45

Fat necrosis