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General Parasitology > Helminths of Small Animals III > Flashcards

Helminths of Small Animals III Flashcards

1
Q

where and who do Dirofilaria immitis infect?

A

heartworm
dogs, cats, ferrets, rarely humans
intermediate host: mosquito

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2
Q

what life cycle does Dirofilaria immitis have and what stage is infective?

A

indirect
L3

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3
Q

summarize the life cycle of Dirofilaria immitis

A

mosquito feeds, ingesting larvae
larvae mature to L3
L3 deposited, mature to L4 in subcutaneous tissue then migrate and mature to sexually immature adults
worms migrate to heart/lungs, mature in pulmonary artery

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4
Q

what is the pathology of Dirofilaria immitis?

A

obstruction pulmonary arteries
progressive pulmonary endarteritis and fibrosis
right heart failure due to chronic pulmonary hypertension
vena cava syndrome

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5
Q

what are the clinical signs of Dirofilaria immitis?

A

cough
exercise intolerance
weight loss
ascites
death

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6
Q

what animal(s) does Dipetalonema reconditum infect and are there intermediate hosts?

A

dogs
yes: Ctenocephalides felis flea and Heterodoxus spiniger lice

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7
Q

what are the hosts of Dracunculus insignis?

A

definitive: dogs, cats, raccoons, mink, foxes, skunks
intermediate: copepods
paretenic: frogs can harbor L3 larvae (infective)

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8
Q

what is the pathology of Dracunculus insignis?

A

migration GI to SQ to skin for female
exteriorizes her posterior
L1 larvae released into water

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9
Q

what are the clinical signs of Dracunculus insignis?

A

dermal ulceration
vizualization

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10
Q

summarize the life cycle of Filaroides osleri

A

L1 larvae ingested
larvae travel via blood or lymphatics to lungs
adults reside in large airway nodules
larvae coughed up and swallowed

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11
Q

what is the host of Filaroides osleri?

A

dog

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12
Q

what are the clinical signs and pathology of Filaroides osleri?

A

coughing, dyspnea, stridor, emaciation, anorexia
bronchitis, nodule formation in trachea/major bronchi

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13
Q

summarize the life cycle of Capillaria aerophila

A

adult females lay eggs in lungs, which are coughed up and swallowed
eggs passed in feces, then are infective eggs in 5-7 weeks (L1)
host eats infective eggs and they hatch in intestines and migrate to lungs

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14
Q

what are the hosts of Capillaria aerophila?

A

dog, cat, fox and other wild mammals

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15
Q

what is the prepatent period of Capillaria aerophila?

A

40 days

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16
Q

what is the pathology of Capillaria aerophila?

A

local tracheal and bronchial irritation

17
Q

what are the clinical signs of Capillaria aerophila?

A

usually incidental
maybe chronic cough and nasal discharge

18
Q

summarize the life cycle of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus

A

eggs produced hatch in lungs, then out in feces
ingested larvae penetrate mucosa in intestine, migrate in blood to lungs
alveolar ducts and terminal bronchioles 8-9 days after infection

19
Q

what is the life cycle of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus?

A

indirect
L3 infective, L1 passed in feces

20
Q

what are the hosts of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus?

A

definitive: cat
intermediate: snails, slugs
paratenic: birds, rodents, amphibians, reptiles

21
Q

what is the prepatent period of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus?

A

6 weeks

22
Q

what are the pathology and clinical signs of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus?

A

eggs in lung parenchyma
usually none, but maybe chronic cough or dyspnea

23
Q

how is Aelurostrongylus abstrusus diagnosed?

A

washes best
radiographs
Bauermann
direct fecal

24
Q

how is Aelurostrongylus abstrusus treated?

A

fenbendazole or ivermectin

25
Q

who does Paragonimus kellicotti affect?

A

those that eat raw crayfish
dogs
cats
humans

26
Q

summarize the life cycle of Paragonimus kellicotti

A

indirect
eggs in feces, hatch in water
miracidium penetrate snail: intermediate host
cercaria infect crayfish: second intermediate host
metacercarial form infective

27
Q

what are the clinical signs of Paragonimus kellicotti?

A

coughing
malaise
fever
pulmonary hemorrhage

28
Q

what is the pathway for Paragonimus kellicotti inside the body?

A

penetrate intestinal tract
migrate to peritoneal cavity
penetrate lungs, pair up

29
Q

who and where do Pearsonema plica infect?

A

cat, dog, many wild animals
bladder

30
Q

summarize the life cycle of Pearsonema plica

A

eggs shed in urine
L1 in eggs ingested by earthworm and hatch
earthworm ingested: L2 burrow through intestinal wall and molt into L3
L3 migrate through circulation to kidneys to urinary bladder
reproduce sexually in urinary bladder

31
Q

what are the pathology and clinical signs of Pearsonema plica?

A

bladder irritation and inflammation
usually asymptomatic, but maybe cystitis, stranguria, pollakiuria, incontinence

32
Q

what are the life cycle and hosts of Dioctophyme renale?

A

indirect
definitive: dogs and other carnivores- mink- pass unembryonated eggs in urine
intermediate: earthworm- L3 infective
paretenic: fish, frogs

33
Q

what is the path of Dioctophyme renale in the body?

A

L3 through gastric wall to liver
to kidney- usually right

34
Q

what are the clinical signs and pathology of Dioctophyme renale?

A

usually none, if both kidney infected: uremia, peritonitis if renal capsule ruptures
necrosis destroys kidney parenchyma

35
Q

is Thelazia californiensis zoonotic?

A

yes

36
Q

what are the hosts of Thelazia californiensis?

A

definitive: deer, dog, cat, sheep, human
intermediate: diptera

37
Q

summarize the life cycle of Thelazia californiensis

A

indirect
female produces L1 in conjunctival sac
flies consume
L1 to L3 in fly
L3 escapes to orbit of definitive host when fly feeds
no migration

38
Q

which parasites in this lecture have an L1 infective stage?

A

Filaroides osleri
Capillaria aerophila

39
Q

how is Dirofilaria immitis diagnosed?

A

blood
antigen detection
antibody detection
radiography
echocardiography
necropsy

General Parasitology (17 decks)

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