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General Parasitology > Ruminant Helminths > Flashcards

Ruminant Helminths Flashcards

1
Q

what is the general life cycle of GI strongylida?

A

direct

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2
Q

what unifies the hot complex?

A

strongyle-type eggs

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3
Q

what is Haemonchus contortus important in?

A

small ruminants

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4
Q

what do Haemonchus spp do to get through winter?

A

arrested larval development

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5
Q

what do Haemonchus spp feed on?

A

blood

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6
Q

what are the clinical signs of Haemonchus spp?

A

hyperacute, acute, chronic forms
anemia
edema
melena
death

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7
Q

what GI nematode is of major importance in cattle?

A

Ostertagia ostertagi

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8
Q

where do the L3 of Haemonchus spp go?

A

between gastric epithelial cells

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9
Q

where do the L3 of Ostertagia ostertagi go?

A

in gastric glands of abomasum

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10
Q

what is type I ostertagiosis?

A

recently ingested L3 develop to adults without arrested larval development
young cattle grazing pasture for first time

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11
Q

what is type II ostertagiosis?

A

arrested L4 resume development weeks-months after L3 ingested
usually 2-4 years of age

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12
Q

what are the clinical signs of ostertagia and teladorsagia?

A

diarrhea
weight loss
dehydration
hypoproteinemia

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13
Q

where does Trichostrongylus axei inhabit?

A

abomasum in ruminants
stomach in horses

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14
Q

where does Trichostrongylus colubriformis inhabit?

A

small intestine in ruminants

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15
Q

where does Cooperia spp inhabit?

A

small intestine
cattle, small ruminants

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16
Q

where does Oesophagostomum spp inhabit?

A

large intestine
not usually primary pathogens

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17
Q

what is the pathophysiology of Oesophagostomum spp?

A

hemorrhagic or purulent nodules
mucus
leakage of blood and plasma proteins

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18
Q

where does Nematodirus spp inhabit?

A

small intestine

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19
Q

what is the important species in Nematodirus spp and what does it infect?

A

N. battus
sheep

20
Q

what development occurs in the egg of Nematodirus spp?

A

L1-L3

21
Q

where do Bunostomum spp inhabit and what do they eat?

A

small intestine
blood

22
Q

what life cycle do Bunostomum spp have?

A

direct

23
Q

how does Bunostomum spp usually infect the host?

A

skin penetration

24
Q

what are the clinical signs of Bunostomum spp?

A

irritation of skin at entry point
loss of villi, hemorrhagic lesions, diarrhea, emaciation, anemia, hypoproteinemia
death in heavy infections

25
Q

what life cycle do Strongyloides papillosus have?

A

free-living alternating with parasitic

26
Q

when are the peak infections of Strongyloides papillosus in ruminants?

A

1-3 month old calves
2-6 week old lambs/kids

27
Q

what are the clinical signs of Strongyloides papillosus?

A

calves and lambs: cardiac arrest
goats, small ruminants: diarrhea, anorexia, ataxia

28
Q

what is the direct life cycle infectious stage in Trichuris spp?

A

L1 in egg

29
Q

what is the most common cestode of ruminants?

A

Moniezia

30
Q

what life cycle do Moniezia spp have?

A

indirect

31
Q

what is the life cycle of Fasciola hepatica?

A

indirect
intermediate host is aquatic snail

32
Q

is Fasciola hepatica zoonotic?

A

yes

33
Q

what does Fasciola hepatica cause?

A

biliary duct hyperplasia and fibrosis
cholangitis
anemia

34
Q

what are the clinical signs of Fasciola hepatica?

A

acute disease: anorexia, anemia, jaundice, ascites, depression, death
subacute disease: decreased weight gain, liver failure, anemia, death
chronic disease: emaciation, anemia, bottle jaw, subtle production losses

35
Q

what are the hosts of Fascioloides magna?

A

natural: cervids
aberrant: sheep and goats
dead-end: cattle, pigs, llamas, horses, moose

36
Q

what are the clinical signs of Fascioloides magna in aberrant and dead-end hosts?

A

aberrant: uninterrupted migration of larvae through liver: chronic disease, sudden death
dead-end: thick-walled capsules of adult flukes in liver, may not have disease

37
Q

what does Dictyocaulus viviparus infect?

A

cattle and cervids

38
Q

where does Dictyocaulus spp infect?

A

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

39
Q

describe the life cycle of Dictyocaulus viviparus

A

direct
L3 infective
L1 in feces
L3 ingested to small intestine
to lungs

40
Q

what are the clinical signs of Dictyocaulus viviparus?

A

respiratory: chronic bronchitis, tachypnea, crepitation
anorexia
febrile
death

41
Q

what is the life cycle of Muellerius spp?

A

indirect
intermediate host: snail

42
Q

what is the life cycle of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis?

A

indirect
intermediate host: snail

43
Q

what does Parelaphostrongylus tenuis do?

A

brain worm or meningeal worm

44
Q

what are the clinical signs of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis?

A

none in natural host
abnormal: encephalitis, neurological signs

45
Q

what transmits Thelazia and where do they infect?

A

flies
eyes

General Parasitology (17 decks)

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