Using the Force

Question 1

Obstructive Resistance:
TEST QUESTION

Answer 1

“the subject is uncooperative, not complying with an officer’s commands, or their physical actions are intended to prevent an officer from placing the subject in custody or under control; the subject’s actions are not directed at harming the officer or others.”

Question 2

***What level of resistance is “Becoming ‘dead weight?’”

Answer 2

Obstructive
TEST QUESTION

Question 3

Low Level Force:
TEST

Answer 3

“a level of control that balances against a subject who is compliant or obstructive and is neither likely nor intended to cause injury. Examples are handcuffing a compliant arrestee or proning a subject out on a high-risk vehicle stop.”

Question 4

Compliant:

Answer 4

“a person contacted by an officer who acknowledges direction or lawful orders given and offers no resistance.”

Question 5

Assaultive Resistance:

Answer 5

“the subject demonstrates the intent to harm the officer, others or themselves.”

Question 6

What level of resistance is “Extreme physical force?”

Answer 6

Life-Threatening

Question 7

Life Threatening Force:

Answer 7

The subject’s actions are likely to result in death or substantial bodily injury to the officer or others.

Question 8

What level of resistance is “Holding onto a fixed object?”

Answer 8

Obstructive

Question 9

***What level of control does empty hand tactics and hand control (escorts) fall under?
TEST QUESTION

Answer 9

Low Level Force
TEST QUESTION

Question 10

What level of control does Canine (on a leash) fall under?

Answer 10

Low Level Force

Question 11

Intermediate Force:

Answer 11

“a level of control that balances against a subject who is assaultive and has the potential to cause injury or substantial pain.”

Question 12

What level of control does ECD fall under?

Answer 12

Intermediate Force

Question 13

Is blocking considered a use of force?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

At what speed does PIT become deadly force?

Answer 14

41

Question 15

PIT becomes deadly force on which types of vehicles?

Answer 15

Those with high center-of-gravity (vans, SUVs, Jeeps)

Question 16

When can deadly force PIT be warranted?

Answer 16

1) Continued movement of the pursued vehicle would place others in danger of substantial bodily injury or death.

2) Other tactical options have been considered and rejected as impractical (e.g., continue to follow, stop sticks, or use of the Air Unit).

Question 17

Who can use the pinching technique?

Answer 17

Only those specialized units who have been trained.

Question 18

Which patrol vehicles are NOT authorized to PIT?

Answer 18

Department trucks or non-patrol SUV-type vehicles.

Motorcycles

Question 19

De-escalation:

Answer 19

An officer’s actions to slow down, stabilize, and resolve an incident as safely as possible by reducing danger through the use of verbal persuasion, tactics, resources, and transitioning through force options.

Question 20

Force transitions:

Answer 20

The movement, progression, or reduction from the application of one force type to another.

Question 21

Imminent threat:

Answer 21

An impending violent act, harm, or resistance that will likely occur if not instantly confronted or addressed.

Question 22

Levels of control:

Answer 22

Broad categories of force options in escalating stages of intensity that are identified as low-level force, intermediate force, and deadly force.

Question 23

Objectively reasonable:

Answer 23

An objective standard of force viewed from the perspective of a reasonable officer, without the benefit of 20/20 hindsight, and based on the totality of the circumstances presented at the moment the force is used.

Question 24

Recovery position:

Answer 24

The placement of a subject’s body in a manner that does not restrict breathing or obstruct the airway, i.e., on their side or upright.

Question 25

Substantial bodily injury:

Answer 25

An injury that creates a substantial risk of death, causes serious permanent disfigurement, or results in a prolonged loss or impairment of the functioning of any body part.

Question 26

Officers may use force to:

Answer 26

a. Protect themselves or others,

b. Overcome resistance,

c. to effect a lawful detention, a lawful arrest, or

d. to conduct a lawful search.

Question 27

Officers are legally authorized to use deadly force to:

Answer 27

1. Protect themselves or others from what is reasonably believed to be an imminent threat of death
   or substantial bodily injury.
2. Prevent the escape of a fleeing felon who the officer has probable cause to believe has committed a violent felony crime and is an imminent threat to human life if escape should occur.

Question 28

When observing a use of force that is clearly not justified, any officer will, when in a safe position to do so:

Answer 28

intercede to prevent the use of unreasonable force. The officer will promptly report these observations and the efforts made to intervene to a supervisor. If the supervisor is using unjustified force, the officer will report it to the next level of supervision. If the observing officer is a supervisor, they will issue a direct order to stop the violation.

Officer will document the incident in writing within 10 days.

Question 29

Medical will be requested whenever a use of force results in:

Answer 29

observable signs or complaints of injury or difficulty in breathing.

Question 30

Medical attention will be summoned for the following use of force applications, regardless of visible injury or complaint of injury:

Answer 30

Baton/Impact weapons - any strikes to the head, neck, chest, spine, kidneys, or groin area

Canine - all bites

ECD - head, neck, chest or groin strikes

OC - Direct exposure to the facial area

LL shotgun/40mm - all strikes

Firearm (HG/SG/Rifle) - all strikes

Vehicle force - PIT/Ramming

Question 31

What level of resistance is “fleeing while in control of a weapon (running with 413 in waistband)?

Answer 31

Assaultive

Question 32

What level of control is “pinching”

Answer 32

Low-level

(This one confuses me but that’s what it says)

Question 33

At what distance does the 40mm become deadly force?

Answer 33

Under 5 yards.

Question 34

At what distance does the LL shotgun become deadly force?

Answer 34

Under 7 yards.

Question 35

Ability:

Answer 35

exists when a person has the means or capability to cause substantial bodily injury or death to an officer or others.

Question 36

Opportunity:

Answer 36

exists when a person is in a position to effectively resist an officer’s control or to use force or violence upon the officer or others

Question 37

Imminent Jeopardy:

Answer 37

based upon the known facts and circumstances, the officer reasonably believes the subject poses an imminent threat to the life of an officer or others, and the officer must act immediately to prevent death or substantial bodily injury

Question 38

Preclusion:

Answer 38

lesser alternatives have been reasonably considered and exhausted before the use of deadly force, to include disengagement.

Question 39

With minimal exception, only __________-________ ______ and trained techniques will be used.

Answer 39

department-approved weapons

Question 40

Non-uniformed commissioned personnel the rank of Lt and below are required to carry at least one ____________ force option.

Answer 40

intermediate

Question 41

If feasible, before the use of any approved weapon, the officer will ___________ with other officers in the area and _____ _ _______ to the subject.

Answer 41

communicate

issue a warning

Question 42

Level of control: Physical restraint, hand control (gripping, wristlocks), escorts, takedowns
(not likely to cause injury)

Answer 42

Low Level Force

Question 43

Level of control: Takedowns, strikes, kicks (not likely to cause death or substantial (bodily injury)

Answer 43

Intermediate Level Force

Question 44

Level of control: Takedowns, strikes, kicks (likely to cause death or substantial bodily injury)

Answer 44

Deadly Force

Question 45

When can handcuffs be applied (5)?

Answer 45

1. During investigative detentions
   -Physically uncooperative
   -Subject’s actions may present physical danger to themselves or others
   -Reasonable possibility of flight based on the actions of the subject
   -Information the subject is currently armed
   -The stop closely follows a violent crime and the subject matches specific parts of a description
   -Articulable facts that a crime of violence is about to occur.
2. Suicidal persons
3. During a search warrant service, as is reasonably necessary, to safely execute the warrant.
4. Persons being transported to detoxification facilities
5. By officers moving in-custody subjects.

Question 46

What level of force is ramming, regardless of speed?

Answer 46

Deadly Force

Question 47

PIT - Prior to initiating a PIT, officers will use _________ _________ and will give the operator of the subject vehicle a __________ ___________ to stop.

Answer 47

emergency equipment

reasonable opportunity

Question 48

Ramming is to be used when:

Answer 48

all other means of apprehension have been considered and rejected as impractical and an imminent threat of death or substantial bodily injury exists.

Question 49

Officers will not discharge their firearm at a moving vehicle unless:

Answer 49

a. A person in the vehicle is an imminent deadly threat to officers or others by means other than the vehicle (such as an occupant firing a handgun at an officer).

b. The driver is using the vehicle as a weapon to inflict mass causalities

Question 50

Officers will not discharge a firearm from their moving (department) vehicle unless:

Answer 50

a person is an imminent deadly threat to officers or others (such a discharge must be limited to the most extreme circumstances).