Breast pathology ch 5

Question 1

Adenosis

Answer 1

Enlargement of breast lobules.

Question 2

Sclerosing adenosis

Answer 2

Enlarged lobules are distorted by scar like fibrous tissue

Question 3

Anasarca

Answer 3

Massive generalized edema

Question 4

Asymmetry

Answer 4

Presence of glandular tissue in one breast not the other. Focal asymmetry: w/in a small area. Global asymmetry: w/in large area

Question 5

Cysts

Answer 5

Fluid accumulation. Occurs in the TDLU. Common in premenopausal women, postmenopausal women taking estrogen and young women

Question 6

Duct ectasia

Answer 6

Blockage of ducts in the area around the nipple. Nipple becomes red/tender causes a sticky, thick, green discharge

Question 7

Ductal papillomas

Answer 7

Benign wart like growth of glandular/fibrovascular tissue. Seen as tumor inside the nipple with finger like fronds. Associated with milk ducts. Use ductogram or US for diagnosis

Question 8

Skin cyst

Answer 8

Occurs in the oil glands. Seen as radiolucent well circumscribed with a smooth border.

Question 9

Fat necrosis aka oil cyst

Answer 9

Death of fatty tissue from trauma,radiation therapy or biopsy. Calcium deposits on the inside of the rim and gives it an eggshell appearance. Cavity can be filled with irregular calcifications.

Question 10

Fibroadenomas

Answer 10

Benign tumor “ popcorn” like. Seen as oval/circumscribed. Lesions will contain calcifications. Can be palpable and multiple

Question 11

Fibrous nodules/focal fibrosis

Answer 11

Prominent fibrous tissue. Seen as asymmetric round/oval masses. Common in premenopausal women

Question 12

Galactocele

Answer 12

Benign milk filled cysts w/ high fat content. Seen as circular with sharply defined borders w/ a combination of radiopaque/lucent densities.

Question 13

Granular cell tumor

Answer 13

Benign/rare tumor. Felt as a hard/movable lump.
Will NOT increase risk of BC

Question 13

Halo

Answer 13

Compression of air/fat around a lesion. Seen as a partial or complete radiolucent ring around mass. Usually only surrounds a circular/oval lesion. Rarely malignant

Question 14

Hemoangioma

Answer 14

Benign tumor containing mass of blood vessels

Question 15

Hamartoma/Fibroadenolipoma

Answer 15

Benign disorganized breast tissue. Resulting from the overgrowth of fibrous, glandular or fatty tissue. Seen as a “breast w/in a breast” w/ circumscribed borders

Question 16

Hematomas

Answer 16

Pooling of blood as a result of trauma. Seen as mixed optical density and circular/oval. Can calcify —> oil cyst —> high optical density. Clinical history helps factor out malignancy

Question 17

Lipoma

Answer 17

Fatty tumor. Radiolucent and benign

Question 18

Radial scar

Answer 18

Is a proliferative breast lesion. Appear as a spiculated mass. 8%-30% increase risk of BC

Question 19

Lobular carcinoma LCIS

Answer 19

Cells that look like cancer growing in lobules but have not spread. NOT cancer but will increase risk.

Question 20

Atypical ductal hyperplasia

Answer 20

Increased cellular activity in the ducts. NOT cancer will increase risk by 3x.

Question 21

Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia

Answer 21

Increased cellular activity of lobes. Not cancer will increase risk by 5x

Question 22

Ductal Carcinoma in situ

Answer 22

Abnormal cells in the milk ducts. Earliest form of BC. Noninvasive.

Question 23

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma

Answer 23

Cancer that grows in ducts then has spread through the wall into fatty tissue. IDC is the most COMMON type of BC. Accounts for 80%

Question 24

Invasive Lobular Carcinoma

Answer 24

Cancer that starts at the lobules of breast. Usually will not form a lump instead theres a change of breast that feels like fullness/thickness

Question 25

Inflammatory Carcinoma

Answer 25

A rare, aggressive cancer where cancer cells block lymph vessels. likely IDC. Will start with reddening and swelling of breast. Pt can have warmth, orange peel skin, swelling of lymph nodes, flattening or inversion of nipple etc

Question 26

Pagets Disease

Answer 26

Malignant cells extend from lactiferous ducts to nipple. Pt can have nipple thickening. Rare, only 1% of BC

Question 27

Sarcoma

Answer 27

Cancer arising from connective tissue. Rare less than 1%. Begin in connective tissue technically not a BC.