Introduction to Microbiology

Question 1

what is microbiology?

Answer 1

“the study of small life” where the small life refers to microorganisms or microbers.

Question 2

are microscopic organism that exists as cellular microbes and the acellular microbes.

Answer 2

microorganisms or microbes

Question 3

are so tiny that they can only be seen with the aid of microscopes

Answer 3

microorganisms

Question 4

can be either unicellular, where one cell is the entire organism, or multicellular, where numerous number of cells can make up the entire organism.

Answer 4

cellular microbes

Question 5

can infect and cause diseases on human, plants or animals.

Answer 5

pathogenic microorganism

Question 6

are beneficial to the host

Answer 6

non-pathogenic microorganisms

Question 7

is a population of microorganisms naturally present within a healthy body.

Answer 7

normal flora

Question 8

it could be on the skin surface, within natural body cavities, in the gastrointestinal tract or reproductive tract.

Answer 8

normal flora

Question 9

Characteristics of Microorganisms

Answer 9

1. Morphological characteristics
2. Chemical composition
3. Cultural characteristics
4. Metabolic characteristics
5. Antigenic characteristic
6. Genetic characteristics
7. Pathogenecity
8. Ecological characteristics

Question 10

cell shape, size, and structure, special structures, cell arrangements, staining reactions and motility and flagellar arrangements.

Answer 10

Morphological characteristics

Question 11

chemical constituents of the cells

Answer 11

chemical composition

Question 12

nutritional requirements and physical conditions required for growth, and the manner in which growth occurs, type of culture medium.

Answer 12

cultural characteristics

Question 13

how cells obtain and use their energy, carry out chemical reactions

Answer 13

metabolic characteristics

Question 14

distinctive chemical components (antigens) of the microorganisms

Answer 14

antigenic characteristic

Question 15

also called prokaryotes (no nuclear membrane); unicellular, enclosed in cell walls rich in carbohydrates and peptidoglycan; divides by binary fusion

Answer 15

bacteria

Question 16

also prokaryotic, cell walls lacks peptidoglycan; found in extreme environments.

Answer 16

archaea

Question 17

eukaryotic cell (with distinct nucleus); may be uni/multicellular

Answer 17

fungi

Question 18

unicellular eukaryotic; move by appendages

Answer 18

protozoa

Question 19

photosynthetic eukaryotes; cell walls are made of cellulose (plant carbohydrate)

Answer 19

algae

Question 20

acellular microorganism; made either of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that is sometimes further encased in a lipid membrane; need host cells to reproduce.

Answer 20

virus

Question 21

although not strictly microorganisms, these organisms are microscopic in some stages of their development. also use microbiological Techniques in their diagnosis.

Answer 21

multicellular animal parasites

Question 22

hereditary material of the cell

Answer 22

genetic characteristic

Question 23

ability to cause disease of a microorganisms

Answer 23

pathogenecity

Question 24

habitat and distribution of microorganisms in nature, and interactions between and among species in natural environment.

Answer 24

ecological characteristics