Gene Expression

Question 1

Name the 2 stages involved in gene
expression of DNA sequences

Answer 1

Transcription and Translation

Question 2

How many strands make up RNA?

Answer 2

1

Question 3

Describe the complementary base
pairing in RNA

Answer 3

Guanine pairs with Cytosine
Adenine pairs with Uracil

Question 4

Name the components that make up
an RNA nucleotide

Answer 4

Ribose sugar, phosphate and a base

Question 5

Name the 3 types of RNA

Answer 5

mRNA, tRNA and rRNA

Question 6

The name given to three bases on a
DNA molecule

Answer 6

Triplet

Question 7

The function of mRNA

Answer 7

Carries a copy of DNA from the
nucleus to the ribosome

Question 8

Which molecule carries a
specific amino acid to the ribosome?

Answer 8

tRNA

Question 9

The name for a triplet of bases on
an mRNA molecule that codes for a
specific amino acid

Answer 9

codon

Question 10

What causes tRNA to fold?

Answer 10

complimentary base pairing

Question 11

Name the 2 areas on a tRNA
molecule

Answer 11

Anticodon and an attachment site
for an amino acid

Question 12

Name for a triplet of bases on
tRNA

Answer 12

anticodon

Question 13

Name the 2 structures that form
the ribosome

Answer 13

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein

Question 14

Describe the function of RNA
polymerase

Answer 14

Unwinds DNA double helix and
breaks hydrogen bonds between
base pairs to separate strands

Question 15

What forms when complementary
base pairing occurs between free
RNA nucleotides and the open
template strand?

Answer 15

Primary Transcript

Question 16

The name for non-coding regions on a
primary transcript of mRNA

Answer 16

introns

Question 17

The name for coding regions on a
primary transcript of mRNA

Answer 17

exons

Question 18

What process leads to the
formation of a mature transcript?

Answer 18

RNA splicing

Question 19

Describe what occurs during RNA
splicing

Answer 19

Introns are removed and exons
are joined together

Question 20

Where does translation begin and
end?

Answer 20

at start and stop codons

Question 21

How do anticodons on tRNA bond to
codons on mRNA?

Answer 21

complimentary base pairing

Question 22

The purpose of translation

Answer 22

To convert the DNA genetic code
into a sequence of amino acids
forming a polypeptide

Question 23

The bonds that join amino acids
together

Answer 23

peptide

Question 24

Structure formed when amino acids
are joined by peptide bonds

Answer 24

polypeptide

Question 25

What happens to the tRNA as a
polypeptide is formed?

Answer 25

It leaves the ribosome to pick up
another amino acid

Question 26

How can different proteins be
expressed from one gene?

Answer 26

Alternative RNA splicing

Question 27

How can different mature mRNA
transcripts be produced from the
same primary transcript?

Answer 27

Different exons are retained

Question 28

How is the 3D shape of a protein
formed?

Answer 28

Polypeptide chains formed during
translation fold

Question 29

How are proteins held together?

Answer 29

Hydrogen bonds and individual
interactions between individual
amino acids

Question 30

What does the shape of a
protein determine?

Answer 30

the function

Question 31

How is phenotype determined?

Answer 31

By proteins produced through gene
expression

Question 32

Requirements of PCR

Answer 32

Original DNA sample
Primers
DNA polymerase
nucleotides

Question 33

Requirements of DNA replication

Answer 33

Original DNA template
nucleotides
enzymes (DNA Polymerase and DNA Ligase)
ATP
Primers

Question 34

What is Transcription?

Answer 34

when mRNA is converted from DNA creating a primary transcript in the nucleus

Question 35

What is translation

Answer 35

When mRNA information is converted into a polypeptide at the ribosomes