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Human Biology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a cell

A

The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism

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2
Q

Atoms join together with what? And then go on to form what?

A

Atoms join together to form molecules which in turn can make a cell

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3
Q

Tissue

A

A group of similar cells that perform a particular function

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4
Q

Organs make up what?
Organisms are?

A

Organs make up several types of tissues and each single one belongs to an organ system
Organisms such as trees are a collection of organ systems

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5
Q

The levels of biological organization

A

Biosphere
Ecosystem
Commmunity
Population
Species
Organism
Organ system
Organ
Tissue
Cell
Molecule
Atom

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6
Q

Levels of organization

A

Atom molecular
Molecular
Organelle
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Systemic
Organism

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7
Q

Each organization level with multiple together can do what

A

For together to create the next level
Ie: organelles can for together to create cellular

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8
Q

Subcutaneous tissue will do what with age

A

Decrease as you get older then eventually increase

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9
Q

Life belongs in one of the three domains
Domain bacteria (bacteria)
Domain archaea (primitive bacteria)
Domain eukarya (includes four inner kingdoms)
- Protista (alga, Protozoa, slime mold)
- animalia (animals or humans even)
- fungi (fungi)
- Plantae (plants)

A

Humans are enveloped inside of the eukaryot system. Specifically inside of Kingdom Animalia
Humans are eukaryotes which include hormones, have a nucleus, and are all enveloped inside each other.

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10
Q

Prokaryotes are?

A

The Bacteria and Archaea domains which both are without a nucleus, are single-celled, and contain prokaryotes

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11
Q

Eukarya contains

A

Eukaryotes, (cellular organisms, which will contain a nucleus)

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12
Q

Cell classification

A
  • unicellular and multicellular
  • Aerobic and anaerobic
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13
Q

Explain protists

A

Protists are unicellular and multicellular, eukaryotic
Ie: Protozoa, algae, slime mold

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14
Q

Explain plants

A

Plants are multicellular, eukaryotic and photosynthetic

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15
Q

Explain animals

A

Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic, and heterotrophic

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16
Q

Explain fungi

A

Fungi are eukaryotic, decomposes
Ie: molds, yeasts, mushrooms

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17
Q

What is a species?

A

A species is the smallest unit and can interbreed to produce one or more population

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18
Q

What is genus?

A

Genus is the second smallest unit and all humans belong to both species and genus.

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19
Q

Humans are/have

A

Humans are homosapiens
Humans have bipedalism, opposable thumbs, large brains, and the capacity for languages

20
Q

What is science?

A

Science is a style of inquiry that attempts to understand nature in a rational logical manner. (It is its own base of knowledge, and is a way of knowing.)
- the study and process of living and non-living.
- the pursuit and process of understanding the natural and systematic world based from evidence found in a rational logical manner.

21
Q

What are the two types of science?

A

Basic and applied

22
Q

What is basic science

A

Basic science is the study of something that leads to better understanding of a natural phenomena.
- “knowing for the sake of knowing”
- studying something to better understand a phenomena

23
Q

What is applied science

A

The application o existing scientific knowledge towards practical application
- “practical” or “real world” science
- the application of existing toward applying to the real world.

24
Q

Anatomy =
Physiology =
Anatomy will ——- ——— ———

A

Anatomy = structure
Physiology = function
Anatomy will always trump physiology

25
Q

What does nature of science refer to?

A

Nature of science is the study referring to the epistemology of science. Science is a way of knowing, or the values and beliefs that inherent to devotion of scientific knowledge.

26
Q

What is the role of science in society?

A
  • science improves technology and the human condition
  • science has limits
  • science helps us make informed choices
27
Q

What do prokaryotes have

A
  • free-floating DNA
  • non-membranous organelles (do not have their own membranes)
  • very small
    -divided by binary fission
  • typically unicellular
  • anaerobic and aerobic
28
Q

What do both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common

A
  • DNA
  • Cell wall
  • Ribosomes
  • Cytoplasm
29
Q

What do eukaryotes include

A
  • nucleus
  • membranous organelles
  • mitosis and meiosis (sex cells)
  • typically, multicellular
  • aerobic
30
Q

The classification of humans

A

Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: animalia
Phylum: chordata
Class: mammalia
Order: primates
Family: hominidae
Genus: homo
Species: sapien

31
Q

Biology

A

The scientific study of life

32
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the structure of an organism
Gross vs. microscopic

33
Q

Physiology

A

The study of the function or an organism
Organism vs. organization vs. systemic

34
Q

Science is what two things

A

1) knowledge about the natural world
2) process to acquire knowledge

35
Q

What are 5 steps to the scientific method

A

1) observe and generalize
2) formulate a hypothesis
3) make a testable prediction
4) experiment or observe
- test the hypothesis
- collect and analyze data
5) develop conclusions
-report the results
-modify your hypothesis as necessary and repeat

36
Q

Define hypothesis

A

Tentative statement about the natural world.
This should be tested under many different circumstances.

37
Q

Define experiment

A

A carefully planned and executed manipulation of the natural world.
- truth or falsehood of prediction is tested by observation and experimentation

38
Q

null hypothesis vs. alternative hypothesis

A

Null hypothesis - no difference, no relationship, nothing will happen
Alternative hypothesis - there is a difference, a relationship, something will happen

39
Q

What are null and alternative hypothesis tested with

A

Null and alternative are tested by a p-value

40
Q

Scientific method is a process for testing ideas; further knowledge

A
  • Observe and generalize: inductive reasoning - make generalizations based on observations about the world.
    -test the hypothesis under many different conditions (modify as necessary and repeat steps 3 and 4 of the scientific method)
  • experiment and observe: truth or falsehood or prediction is tested by observation and experimentation.
41
Q

Define ontology

A

“What we know”

42
Q

Define epistemology

A

“How we know”

43
Q

Scientific inquiry can do what

A

Scientific inquiry can take several forms, there is no single fixed set or sequence of steps that all scientific investigations follow.

44
Q

Asteroids have what

A

Asteroids have much higher levels of Iridium than they do on Earth

45
Q

Scientific knowledge is ——-

A

Scientific knowledge is never absolute or certain

Human Biology (25 decks)

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