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VMP810 Anatomy 1 > Lecture 6 8/31/23 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 8/31/23 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three tendons located in the weight bearing digits?

A

-interosseus
-deep digital flexor (DDF)
-superficial digital flexor (SDF)

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2
Q

What are the three circular retinacula of the weight bearing digits?

A

-palmar annular ligament
-proximal digital annular ligament
-distal digital annular ligament

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3
Q

Where is the palmar annular ligament located?

A

palmar surface of the metacarpo-phalangeal joint

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4
Q

What is the role of the palmar annular ligament?

A

holds the interosseous, DDF, and SDF tendons in place

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5
Q

Where is the proximal digital annular ligament?

A

palmar surface of the proximal phalanx

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6
Q

What is the role of the proximal digital annular ligament?

A

holds the DDF and SDF tendons

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7
Q

Where is the distal digital annular ligament?

A

palmar surface of the middle phalanx

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8
Q

What is the role of the distal digital annular ligament?

A

holds the DDF

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of the dorsal ligaments of the weight bearing digits?

A

-paired, with one on each surface of the foot
-allow for claw retraction in cats

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10
Q

When declawing a cat (removing distal phalanx), what structures must be cut?

A

-both dorsal ligaments
-DDF
-both collateral ligaments
-common digital extensor
-lateral digital extensor (lateral digits only)

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11
Q

Why is the cat’s distal phalanx to the side of the middle phalanx, while a dog’s distal phalanx is directly below the middle phalanx?

A

having the distal phalanx on the side allows the cat to retract its claws

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12
Q

How do cats retract their claws?

A

-when the DDF contracts, cat’s claw extends and dorsal ligaments stretch
-when DDF relaxes, dorsal ligaments relax and retract claw

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13
Q

What is luxation?

A

when bones come entirely out of the joint (dislocation)

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14
Q

What is subluxation?

A

when bones come partially out of the joint

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15
Q

Why do the ulna and radius move laterally during luxation of the cubital joint?

A

-medial epicondyle of the humerus has a corner, while the lateral epicondyle is curved
-easier for curved portion of ulna to slip on lateral epicondyle

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16
Q

How does the genual joint between the femur and the tibia stay together?

A

-ligaments
-fibrocartilaginous pads

17
Q

What are the characteristics of the menisci?

A

-medial and lateral
-C shaped, with a thicker outer portion
-stabilize joint and act as cushion
-both anchored to tibia via ligaments
-lateral meniscus also anchored via ligament to femur

18
Q

Where are menisci most likely to be damaged?

A

on the inside of the C shape, which is thinner

19
Q

What happens when the meniscus is damaged?

A

-bucket handle tear occurs
-nervous endings in meniscus cause animal to feel pain
-meniscus must be removed

20
Q

Why is it possible for one meniscus to be removed?

A

as long as the other one remains, it provides enough stability for the entire joint (although not as stable)

21
Q

How do the medial and lateral menisci differ in relation to the medial and lateral collateral ligaments?

A

-medial meniscus is attached to medial collateral ligament with connective tissue
-lateral meniscus is not attached to lateral collateral ligament

22
Q

Which ligaments stabilize the medial meniscus to the tibia?

A

-cranial tibial ligament of medial meniscus
-caudal tibial ligament of the medial meniscus

23
Q

Which ligaments stabilize the lateral meniscus to the tibia?

A

-cranial tibial ligament of the lateral meniscus
-caudal tibial ligament of the lateral mensicus

24
Q

Which ligament connects the two menisci?

A

transverse ligament

25
Q

Which ligament stabilizes the lateral meniscus to the femur?

A

meniscofemoral ligament

26
Q

Which ligaments connect the tibia and the femur?

A

-cranial cruciate ligament
-caudal cruciate ligament

27
Q

What are the extra-capsular ligaments of the genual joint?

A

-medial collateral ligament
-lateral collateral ligament

28
Q

What is the role of the cranial cruciate ligament?

A

prevent tibia from moving cranially

29
Q

What is the role of the caudal cruciate ligament?

A

prevent tibia from moving caudally

30
Q

What happens when the cranial cruciate ligament ruptures?

A

observe cranial drawer sign (tibia moves front)

31
Q

What happens when the caudal cruciate ligament ruptures?

A

observe caudal drawer sign (tibia moves back)

32
Q

What ligaments must be cut to remove the medial meniscus?

A

-transverse ligament
-cranial tibial ligament of medial meniscus
-caudal tibial ligament of medial meniscus
-must blunt dissect medial meniscus away from medial collateral ligament

33
Q

What ligaments must be cut to remove the lateral meniscus?

A

-transverse ligament
-cranial tibial ligament of the lateral meniscus
-caudal tibial ligament of the lateral mensicus
-meniscofemoral ligament

VMP810 Anatomy 1 (26 decks)

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