Test summary

Question 1

The main point of the Donders’ reaction time experiments was to

Answer 1

measure the amount of time it takes to make a decision

Question 2

Endel Tulving, one of the most prominent early memory researchers, proposed that long-term memory is subdivided into all of the following components EXCEPT

Answer 2

working memory

Question 3

Ebbinghaus’s “memory” experiments were important because they

Answer 3

plotted functions that described the operation of the mind

Question 4

Which memory holds incoming information for a fraction of a second and then passes most of this information to short-term memory?

Answer 4

Sensory memory

Question 5

Attention, perception, memory, and decision making are all different types of mental processes in which the mind engages. These are known as different types of

Answer 5

cognition

Question 6

The sequence of steps that includes the image on the retina, changing the image into electrical signals, and neural processing is an example of _____ processing

Answer 6

bottom-up

Question 7

If a word is identified more easily when it is in a sentence than when it is presented alone, this would be an example of _____ processing

Answer 7

top-down

Question 8

You are at a parade where there are a number of marching bands. You perceive the bands that are all in the same uniforms as being grouped together. The red uniforms are one band, the green uniforms another, and so forth. You have this perceptual experience because of the law of

Answer 8

similarity

Question 9

The notion that every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible is called the law of

Answer 9

pragnanz

Question 10

The fact that trees are more likely to be vertical or horizontal than slanted is an example of _____________

Answer 10

physical regularity

Question 11

Given the principles of divided attention, when would a person have the most difficulty driving and therefore pose the biggest safety risk on the road?

Answer 11

when the person is driving an unfamiliar vehicle that is more difficult to operate

Question 12

Research on the use of cell phones while driving indicates that

Answer 12

the main effect of cell phone use on driving safety can be attributed to the fact that attention is used up by the cognitive task of talking on the phone

Question 13

I remember being really excited last year, when my team won the national championship in basketball”. This statement is an example of _____________ memory

Answer 13

episodic

Question 14

Rehearsal is important for transferring information from

Answer 14

short-term memory to long-term memory

Question 15

When a sparkler is twirled rapidly, people perceive a circle of light. This occurs because

Answer 15

the length of iconic memory (the persistence of vision) is about a fraction of a second

Question 16

A person with reduced digit span would most likely have a problem with _____________ memory

Answer 16

short-term

Question 17

the primary effect of chunking is to

Answer 17

increase the efficiency of short-term memory

Question 18

The ability to manipulate information in memory temporarily while remembering something else is called

Answer 18

working memory

Question 19

The difficulty in trying to think of the words and hum the melody of one song while the radio is playing a different song can be understood as

Answer 19

articulatory suppression

Question 20

If working memory were an actual workplace, which of the following best describes the members of Baddeley’s model?

Answer 20

equal team members, competing employees, workers and manager, independent consultants

Question 21

The primacy effect can be attributed to

Answer 21

recall of information stored in LTM

Question 22

When investigating the serial position curve, delaying the memory test for 30 seconds

Answer 22

decreases the recency effect

Question 23

A study participant is given a list of words to remember. One week later, he recalls the list. Let’s say that one of the list words was CHAIR. Which of the following, none of which actually appeared on the list, would be most likely incorrectly recalled if the participant doesn’t remember CHAIR?

Answer 23

rear, pair, bear, seat

Question 24

Explicit memory is to _____ as implicit memory is to ______

Answer 24

aware, unaware

Question 25

I remember the big island of Hawaii has many active volcanoes - what is the following memory type?

Answer 25

semantic memory

Question 26

Work with brain-injured patients reveals that ______ memory does not depend on conscious memory (2 kinds)

Answer 26

implicit and procedural

Question 27

what kind of memory does this involve? reading a sentence in a book

Answer 27

procedural

Question 28

when you are focused on the physical features of a word, what type of processing is this?

Answer 28

shallow processing

Question 29

Jenkins and Russell (1952) presented a list of words like “chair, apple, dish, shoe, cherry, sofa” to participants. In a test, participants recalled the words in a different order than the order in which they were originally presented. This result occurred because of the

Answer 29

tendency for objects to be organised into categories

Question 30

From a cognitive psychology perspective, memories from specific experiences in our life are defined as being

Answer 30

autobiographical

Question 31

In which of the following scenarios might shallow processing lead to superior memory performance? When the person encodes ______ and is tested _______

Answer 31

auditorially, auditorially

Question 32

Retrograde amnesia is usually less severe for _____ memories

Answer 32

remote

Question 33

The standard model of consolidation proposes that the hippocampus is

Answer 33

strongly active when memories are first formed and being consolidated but becomes less active when retrieving older memories that are already consolidated

Question 34

In the CogLab Change Detection experiment, the flicker condition is most equivalent to which real life situation?

Answer 34

Looking down to grab some popcorn while you are watching a movie

Question 35

change blindness is

Answer 35

not being able to detect an object change in a scene

Question 36

With the Stroop effect, you would expect to find longest response times when

Answer 36

the colour and the name differed

Question 37

What was the dependent variable in the Stroop Effect CogLab experiment?

Answer 37

the participants reaction time

Question 38

Things we remember depend more on ________ while things we know depend more on ________

Answer 38

recollection, familiarity

Question 39

People often report an annoying memory failure when they walk from one end of the house to the other for something and then forget what they wanted when they reach their destination. As soon as they return to the first room, they are reminded of what they wanted in the first place. This common experience best illustrates the principle of

Answer 39

encoding specificity

Question 40

You typically study for your Memory and Cognition exam early in the morning with a cup of coffee after a light breakfast. When exam time comes around you are thrilled to discover the schedule, because with what you know about the encoding specificity you are confident you will do well. Which of the following best fits the probable time of the exam?

Answer 40

8:30am after breakfast

Question 41

In the remember/know experiment, some words were encoded using a deep level of processing. How was this done?

Answer 41

participants were asked to write down a synonym to the target word

Question 42

At some point, Mark learned that 2 + 4 = 6, but he is unaware of when or where he learned this information. This is an example of something Mark …

Answer 42

knows

Question 43

According to the levels of processing theory, what will produce the best long-term memory for a set of words.

Answer 43

Making a connection between each word and something you’ve previously learned

Question 44

The idea that specific cognitive functions activate many areas of the brain is known as

Answer 44

distributed representation

Question 45

Luke is trying to speak to his wife, but his speech is very slow and laboured, often with jumbled sentence structure. He may have damage to which area of the brain?

Answer 45

Broca’s area

Question 46

What would NOT be an important factor in automatic processing?

Answer 46

close attention

Question 47

Treatment of PTSD has benefitted from recent research on

Answer 47

reconsolidation

Question 48

Your text discusses how episodic and semantic memories are interconnected. This discussion revealed that when we experience events,

Answer 48

The knowledge that makes up semantic memories is initially attained through a personal experience based in episodic memory.

Question 49

Elaborative rehearsal of a word will LEAST likely be accomplished by

Answer 49

repeating it over and over

Question 50

The _______________ lobe of the cortex receives information from all of the senses and is responsible for co-ordination of the senses, as well as higher cognitive functions such as thinking and problem solving

Answer 50

frontal